महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-11

तमाजिशीर्षमायान्तं दहन्तं क्षत्रियर्षभान् ।
पराक्रान्तं पराक्रम्य यतन्तः क्षत्रियर्षभाः ।
नाशक्नुवन्वारयितुं वर्धमानमिवानलम् ॥११॥

11. tamājiśīrṣamāyāntaṁ dahantaṁ kṣatriyarṣabhān ,
parākrāntaṁ parākramya yatantaḥ kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ ,
nāśaknuvanvārayituṁ vardhamānamivānalam.

11. tam ājiśīrṣam āyāntaṃ dahantaṃ
kṣatriyarṣabhān parākrāntam parākramya
yatantaḥ kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ na aśaknuvan
vārayituṃ vardhamānam iva analam

11. yatantaḥ kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ tam ājiśīrṣam āyāntaṃ kṣatriyarṣabhān dahantaṃ parākrāntam parākramya vardhamānam analam iva vārayituṃ na aśaknuvan.

11. The leading kṣatriyas, despite their valiant efforts and display of prowess, were unable to stop him as he advanced to the forefront of the battle, consuming (destroying) other eminent kṣatriyas, just as one cannot stop a growing fire.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

• आजिशीर्षम् (ājiśīrṣam) - forefront of battle

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching, arriving

• दहन्तम् (dahantam) - destroying the warriors (burning, consuming, destroying)

• क्षत्रियर्षभान् (kṣatriyarṣabhān) - the enemy kṣatriyas (best of kṣatriyas, eminent warriors)

• पराक्रान्तम् (parākrāntam) - valorous, mighty, powerful, having displayed prowess

• पराक्रम्य (parākramya) - having exerted strength, having displayed prowess, having attacked

• यतन्तः (yatantaḥ) - the enemy kṣatriyas who were trying to stop Arjuna (striving, endeavoring, making effort)

• क्षत्रियर्षभाः (kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ) - the enemy kṣatriyas attempting to stop Arjuna (best of kṣatriyas, eminent warriors)

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were unable, they could not

• वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop (Arjuna) (to stop, to restrain, to ward off)

• वर्धमानम् (vardhamānam) - growing, increasing

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनलम् (analam) - fire

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

आजिशीर्षम् (ājiśīrṣam) - forefront of battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ājiśīrṣa

ājiśīrṣa - forefront of battle, battle-head

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āji+śīrṣa)

• āji – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• śīrṣa – head, top, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial accusative, "to the battle-front".

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching, arriving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

From prefix 'ā' + root √yā (to go) + present participle suffix 'śatṛ'

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Arjuna).

दहन्तम् (dahantam) - destroying the warriors (burning, consuming, destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, consuming, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root √dah (to burn) + present participle suffix 'śatṛ'

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Arjuna).

क्षत्रियर्षभान् (kṣatriyarṣabhān) - the enemy kṣatriyas (best of kṣatriyas, eminent warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriyarṣabha

kṣatriyarṣabha - best of kṣatriyas, chief of warriors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+ṛṣabha)

• kṣatriya – warrior, of the kṣatriya (warrior) class
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dahantam'.

पराक्रान्तम् (parākrāntam) - valorous, mighty, powerful, having displayed prowess

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrānta

parākrānta - valorous, mighty, overcome, attacked

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'parā' + root √kram (to step, go) + suffix -ta

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Arjuna).

पराक्रम्य (parākramya) - having exerted strength, having displayed prowess, having attacked

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix 'parā' + root √kram (to step, go) + suffix -ya (after upasarga)

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the 'kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ' who were trying to stop Arjuna.

यतन्तः (yatantaḥ) - the enemy kṣatriyas who were trying to stop Arjuna (striving, endeavoring, making effort)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatant

yatant - striving, endeavoring

Present Active Participle

From root √yat (to strive) + present participle suffix 'śatṛ'

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ'.

क्षत्रियर्षभाः (kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ) - the enemy kṣatriyas attempting to stop Arjuna (best of kṣatriyas, eminent warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriyarṣabha

kṣatriyarṣabha - best of kṣatriyas, chief of warriors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+ṛṣabha)

• kṣatriya – warrior, of the kṣatriya (warrior) class
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'aśaknuvan'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'aśaknuvan'.

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were unable, they could not

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

imperfect active 3rd person plural

From root √śak (class 5, 'śaknoti') in imperfect active 3rd person plural.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject is 'kṣatriyarṣabhāḥ'.

वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop (Arjuna) (to stop, to restrain, to ward off)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of the causative stem of root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) or root √vṛ (class 10, vārayati).

Root: vṛ (class 10)

Note: Purpose clause, "to stop".

वर्धमानम् (vardhamānam) - growing, increasing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, flourishing

Present Middle Participle

From root √vṛdh (to grow) + present participle suffix 'śānac'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'analam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

अनलम् (analam) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, Agni

Note: Object of comparison.