महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-22

तमाजिशीर्षादेकान्तमपक्रान्तं निशाम्य तु ।
समकम्पन्त सैन्यानि पाण्डवानां विशां पते ॥२२॥

22. tamājiśīrṣādekāntamapakrāntaṁ niśāmya tu ,
samakampanta sainyāni pāṇḍavānāṁ viśāṁ pate.

22. tam ājiśīrṣāt ekāntam apakrāntam niśāmya tu
samakampanta sainyāni pāṇḍavānām viśām pate

22. viśām pate,
tu,
tam,
ājiśīrṣāt,
ekāntam,
apakrāntam,
niśāmya,
pāṇḍavānām,
sainyāni,
samakampanta

22. O lord of men, when the Pandava armies saw him withdraw from the battle's forefront and move to one side, they trembled.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आजिशीर्षात् (ājiśīrṣāt) - from the forefront of battle, from the head of the fight

• एकान्तम् (ekāntam) - to one side, aside, to a solitary place

• अपक्रान्तम् (apakrāntam) - having retreated, having withdrawn, gone away

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas, belonging to the Pandavas

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of the people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

आजिशीर्षात् (ājiśīrṣāt) - from the forefront of battle, from the head of the fight

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ājiśīrṣa

ājiśīrṣa - forefront of battle, head of the fight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āji+śīrṣa)

• āji – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
• śīrṣa – head, top, front
  noun (neuter)

एकान्तम् (ekāntam) - to one side, aside, to a solitary place

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekānta

ekānta - solitary, exclusive, aside, to one side

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+anta)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• anta – end, side, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

अपक्रान्तम् (apakrāntam) - having retreated, having withdrawn, gone away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apakrānta

apakrānta - withdrawn, retreated, gone away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √śam (to see, perceive) with prefix ni, forming an absolutive with -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √kamp

Prefix: sam

Root: kamp (class 1)

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, troops

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas, belonging to the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of the people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, mankind

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Vocative singular of 'pati' (masculine i-stem).