महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-19

हताश्वा हतसूताश्च निश्चेष्टा रथिनस्तदा ।
जीवन्त इव तत्र स्म व्यदृश्यन्त भयार्दिताः ॥१९॥

19. hatāśvā hatasūtāśca niśceṣṭā rathinastadā ,
jīvanta iva tatra sma vyadṛśyanta bhayārditāḥ.

19. hatāśvāḥ hatasūtāḥ ca niśceṣṭāḥ rathinaḥ tadā
jīvantaḥ iva tatra sma vyadṛśyanta bhayārditāḥ

19. tadā hatāśvāḥ hatasūtāḥ ca niśceṣṭāḥ bhayārditāḥ
rathinaḥ tatra jīvantaḥ iva vyadṛśyanta sma

19. Then, those charioteers, whose horses and drivers had been killed and who were now motionless, were seen there appearing as if alive, but tormented by fear.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वाः (hatāśvāḥ) - charioteers whose horses had been killed, making their chariots useless (having slain horses, whose horses are killed)

• हतसूताः (hatasūtāḥ) - charioteers whose drivers had been killed (having slain drivers, whose drivers are killed)

• च (ca) - and

• निश्चेष्टाः (niśceṣṭāḥ) - unable to move or act due to their predicament (motionless, inactive, without effort)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - the warriors who were in the chariots (charioteers, those having chariots)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment in the battle (then, at that time)

• जीवन्तः (jīvantaḥ) - appearing to be alive, though effectively disabled (living, alive)

• इव (iva) - indicating a comparison or appearance (as if, like, similar to)

• तत्र (tatra) - in the battlefield (there, in that place)

• स्म (sma) - particle, here indicating past tense (indeed, certainly (when used with present tense forms, it indicates past action))

• व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - they were observed in that state (they were seen, appeared)

• भयार्दिताः (bhayārditāḥ) - suffering from intense fear (afflicted by fear, distressed by fear)

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वाः (hatāśvāḥ) - charioteers whose horses had been killed, making their chariots useless (having slain horses, whose horses are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatāśva

hatāśva - one whose horses are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: √han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

हतसूताः (hatasūtāḥ) - charioteers whose drivers had been killed (having slain drivers, whose drivers are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatasūta

hatasūta - one whose driver is killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+sūta)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: √han (class 2)
• sūta – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

conjunction

निश्चेष्टाः (niśceṣṭāḥ) - unable to move or act due to their predicament (motionless, inactive, without effort)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inactive, powerless

nis (without) + ceṣṭa (effort, movement)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nis+ceṣṭa)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• ceṣṭa – movement, effort, action
  noun (masculine)
  from root √ceṣṭ (to move, exert oneself)
  Root: √ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - the warriors who were in the chariots (charioteers, those having chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot

derived from ratha (chariot) + suffix -in (possessive)

Note: Subject of vyadṛśyanta.

तदा (tadā) - at that moment in the battle (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

adverb of time, from tad (that)

जीवन्तः (jīvantaḥ) - appearing to be alive, though effectively disabled (living, alive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

from root √jīv (to live)

Root: √jīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.

इव (iva) - indicating a comparison or appearance (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

तत्र (tatra) - in the battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

adverb of place, from tad (that)

स्म (sma) - particle, here indicating past tense (indeed, certainly (when used with present tense forms, it indicates past action))

(indeclinable)

particle

व्यदृश्यन्त (vyadṛśyanta) - they were observed in that state (they were seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect (Laṅ) Passive

3rd person plural, passive voice

Prefix: vi

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

भयार्दिताः (bhayārditāḥ) - suffering from intense fear (afflicted by fear, distressed by fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārdita

bhayārdita - afflicted by fear, terrified

bhaya (fear) + ardita (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ardita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – afflicted, tormented, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ṛd (to pain, afflict)
  Root: √ṛd (class 6)

Note: Qualifies rathinaḥ.