महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-17

नैव ते न वयं राजन्प्रज्ञासिष्म परस्परम् ।
उद्देशेन हि तेन स्म समयुध्यन्त पार्थिवाः ॥१७॥

17. naiva te na vayaṁ rājanprajñāsiṣma parasparam ,
uddeśena hi tena sma samayudhyanta pārthivāḥ.

17. na eva te na vayam rājan prājñāsiṣma parasparam
uddeśena hi tena sma samayudhyanta pārthivāḥ

17. rājan te na eva na vayam parasparam prājñāsiṣma
hi pārthivāḥ tena uddeśena sma samayudhyanta

17. O King, neither they nor we could discern each other. Indeed, the kings (pārthivāḥ) fought only by [blind] aim.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, neither

• एव (eva) - even, indeed

• ते (te) - they

• न (na) - nor

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• प्राज्ञासिष्म (prājñāsiṣma) - we perceived, we discerned, we recognized

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• उद्देशेन (uddeśena) - by aim, by intention, by reference

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• तेन (tena) - by that, by it

• स्म (sma) - indeed (particle, indicates past)

• समयुध्यन्त (samayudhyanta) - they fought

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, princes, rulers of earth

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, neither

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

एव (eva) - even, indeed

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative plural.

Note: Subject of prājñāsiṣma.

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person plural nominative.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्राज्ञासिष्म (prājñāsiṣma) - we perceived, we discerned, we recognized

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past aorist (luṅ) of pra-jñā

Aorist (Luṅ)

1st person plural active, root jñā (9th class) with prefix pra. s-aorist.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The form implies an instant or decisive past action.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Compound of para (other) and apara (another).

Compound type : dvandva (para+apara)

• para – other, supreme, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• apara – other, another, later
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb 'mutually'.

उद्देशेन (uddeśena) - by aim, by intention, by reference

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uddeśa

uddeśa - aim, target, intention, indication, general mention

From ud + diś (to point out).

Prefix: ud

Root: diś (class 6)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

तेन (tena) - by that, by it

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine/Neuter instrumental singular.

स्म (sma) - indeed (particle, indicates past)

(indeclinable)

Particle which, when used with a present tense verb, converts its meaning to past. Here it emphasizes a past imperfect verb.

समयुध्यन्त (samayudhyanta) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-yudh

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person plural middle/passive, root yudh (4th class) with prefix sam. Ātmanepada form.

Prefix: sam

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: This is an ātmanepada verb. The meaning 'fought' is active here.

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, princes, rulers of earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthy, a king, a prince, a ruler

Derivative of pṛthivī (earth).