महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-137, verse-41

ततो मुहूर्तं व्यथितः शरघातप्रपीडितः ।
निषसाद रथोपस्थे द्रोणो भरतसत्तम ॥४१॥

41. tato muhūrtaṁ vyathitaḥ śaraghātaprapīḍitaḥ ,
niṣasāda rathopasthe droṇo bharatasattama.

41. tataḥ muhūrtam vyathitaḥ śara-ghāta-prapīḍitaḥ
niṣasāda ratha-upasthe droṇaḥ bharata-sattama

41. bharata-sattama tataḥ śara-ghāta-prapīḍitaḥ
vyathitaḥ droṇaḥ muhūrtam ratha-upasthe niṣasāda

41. Then Droṇa, greatly pained and tormented by the impact of the arrows, sat down on his chariot's platform for a moment, O best of Bharatas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, pained, troubled

• शर-घात-प्रपीडितः (śara-ghāta-prapīḍitaḥ) - greatly afflicted by arrow-strikes, tormented by the impact of arrows

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

• रथ-उपस्थे (ratha-upasthe) - on the chariot platform/seat

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a proper name)

• भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or a similar prominent Bharata warrior. (O best of Bharatas (a vocative address to a descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, for an instant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, an instant (a specific division of time)

Note: Accusative used to denote duration of time.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, pained, troubled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - troubled, agitated, pained, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vyath' (to be agitated, pained)

Root: vyath (class 1)

शर-घात-प्रपीडितः (śara-ghāta-prapīḍitaḥ) - greatly afflicted by arrow-strikes, tormented by the impact of arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śara-ghāta-prapīḍita

śara-ghāta-prapīḍita - one tormented by the blows/impact of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ghāta+prapīḍita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṝ
• ghāta – blow, strike, killing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han
• prapīḍita – greatly oppressed, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of niṣad

Root 'sad' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

रथ-उपस्थे (ratha-upasthe) - on the chariot platform/seat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha-upastha

ratha-upastha - chariot seat or platform

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram
• upastha – lap, seat, proximity, platform
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sthā

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a teacher in the Mahabharata); a wooden vessel; a measure of capacity

भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or a similar prominent Bharata warrior. (O best of Bharatas (a vocative address to a descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharata-sattama

bharata-sattama - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata (name of an ancient king); a warrior; an actor
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama