महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-137, verse-30

सारथेश्च शिरः कायाद्भल्लेन नतपर्वणा ।
जहार रथशार्दूलः प्रहसञ्शिनिपुंगवः ॥३०॥

30. sāratheśca śiraḥ kāyādbhallena nataparvaṇā ,
jahāra rathaśārdūlaḥ prahasañśinipuṁgavaḥ.

30. sāratheḥ ca śiraḥ kāyāt bhallena nataparvaṇā
jahāra rathaśārdūlaḥ prahasan śinipuṅgavaḥ

30. ca rathaśārdūlaḥ śinipuṅgavaḥ prahasan
nataparvaṇā bhallena sāratheḥ śiraḥ kāyāt jahāra

30. And with a sharp-jointed bhalla arrow, the tiger among charioteers, the bull among the Shinis (Satyaki), smiling, removed the charioteer's head from his body.

Words meanings summery:

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

• च (ca) - and, also

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla arrow

• नतपर्वणा (nataparvaṇā) - with a sharp-knotted bhalla arrow (with a bent/sharp-jointed (arrow))

• जहार (jahāra) - took away, carried off, removed, seized

• रथशार्दूलः (rathaśārdūlaḥ) - Satyaki, the tiger among charioteers (tiger among charioteers, excellent charioteer)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling, mockingly

• शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - Satyaki, the chief of the Shinis (bull among the Shinis, chief of the Shinis)

Words meanings and morphology

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the charioteer'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

Note: Direct object of 'jahāra'

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, trunk of the body

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Indicates separation from the body

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, spear-head

Note: Instrument for removing the head

नतपर्वणा (nataparvaṇā) - with a sharp-knotted bhalla arrow (with a bent/sharp-jointed (arrow))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent joints, having sharp points (of an arrow)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'nata' (bent) + 'parvan' (joint, knot, point)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, bowed, humbled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √nam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section, point
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'bhallena'

जहार (jahāra) - took away, carried off, removed, seized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of hṛ

perfect tense

Reduplicated root

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active of √hṛ

रथशार्दूलः (rathaśārdūlaḥ) - Satyaki, the tiger among charioteers (tiger among charioteers, excellent charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaśārdūla

rathaśārdūla - a tiger among charioteers, a pre-eminent charioteer

'ratha' (chariot) + 'śārdūla' (tiger) - a comparison (vyāghrādi compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+śārdūla)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rādh (class 4)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Satyaki, subject of 'jahāra'

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling, mockingly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasant

prahasant - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

from 'pra-√has'

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Present Active Participle, describing the subject Satyaki.

शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - Satyaki, the chief of the Shinis (bull among the Shinis, chief of the Shinis)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śinipuṅgava

śinipuṅgava - a bull among the Shinis, chief of the Shinis

'Śini' (name of a clan/individual) + 'puṅgava' (bull, excellent one)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śini+puṅgava)

• śini – Śini (ancestor of Satyaki's clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, pre-eminent, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Satyaki, subject of 'jahāra'