महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-137, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
सोमदत्तं तु संप्रेक्ष्य विधुन्वानं महद्धनुः ।
सात्यकिः प्राह यन्तारं सोमदत्ताय मां वह ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
somadattaṁ tu saṁprekṣya vidhunvānaṁ mahaddhanuḥ ,
sātyakiḥ prāha yantāraṁ somadattāya māṁ vaha.

1. sañjaya uvāca somadattaṃ tu samprekṣya vidhunvānaṃ mahat
dhanuḥ sātyakiḥ prāha yantāraṃ somadattāya mām vaha

1. sañjaya uvāca sātyakiḥ mahat dhanuḥ vidhunvānaṃ somadattaṃ
samprekṣya tu yantāraṃ prāha mām somadattāya vaha

1. Sañjaya said: But seeing Somadatta brandishing his mighty bow, Sātyaki said to his charioteer, "Drive me towards Somadatta!"

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सोमदत्तं (somadattaṁ) - Somadatta

• तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, then)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

• विधुन्वानं (vidhunvānaṁ) - brandishing (his bow) (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

• महत् (mahat) - mighty (great, mighty, large)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke forth

• यन्तारं (yantāraṁ) - to his charioteer (charioteer, controller)

• सोमदत्ताय (somadattāya) - towards Somadatta (to Somadatta, for Somadatta)

• माम् (mām) - me

• वह (vaha) - drive (the chariot) (carry, drive)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer of Dhritarashtra, who narrates the battle)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

सोमदत्तं (somadattaṁ) - Somadatta

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - Somadatta (a warrior, son of Bhūriśravas)

तु (tu) - then (but, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

A particle used to mark contrast or emphasize.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

विधुन्वानं (vidhunvānaṁ) - brandishing (his bow) (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhunvāna

vidhunvāna - shaking, brandishing, causing to tremble

Present Middle Participle

From root dhū (to shake) with prefix vi. Root in 5th class, middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

महत् (mahat) - mighty (great, mighty, large)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: The 't' in 'mahat' undergoes jash sandhi to 'd' when followed by a voiced consonant like 'dh' in 'dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Root: dhan

Note: The final 's' of 'dhanus' becomes 'ḥ' in nominative/accusative singular before a pause.

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (a Vrishni hero and Yuyudhāna's son, a close associate of Krishna and Arjuna)

प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Root vac (to speak) with prefix pra. Irregular perfect form.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

यन्तारं (yantāraṁ) - to his charioteer (charioteer, controller)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, controller

Agent noun from root yam (to control, restrain).

Root: yam (class 1)

सोमदत्ताय (somadattāya) - towards Somadatta (to Somadatta, for Somadatta)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - Somadatta (a warrior)

Note: Here used with verb of motion 'vaha' to mean 'towards'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, us

First person pronoun.

वह (vaha) - drive (the chariot) (carry, drive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vah

Imperative active, 2nd person singular

Command form of root vah.

Root: vah (class 1)