महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-137, verse-13

सुवर्णपुङ्खैरिषुभिराचितौ तौ व्यरोचताम् ।
खद्योतैरावृतौ राजन्प्रावृषीव वनस्पती ॥१३॥

13. suvarṇapuṅkhairiṣubhirācitau tau vyarocatām ,
khadyotairāvṛtau rājanprāvṛṣīva vanaspatī.

13. suvarṇapuṅkhaiḥ iṣubhiḥ ācitau tau vyarocatām
khadyotaiḥ āvṛtau rājan prāvṛṣi iva vanaspatī

13. rājan suvarṇapuṅkhaiḥ iṣubhiḥ ācitau tau
vyarocatām prāvṛṣi khadyotaiḥ āvṛtau vanaspatī iva

13. O King (rājan), those two, covered with arrows featuring golden shafts, gleamed brightly, just like two trees (vanaspatī) enveloped by fireflies (khadyotaiḥ) during the rainy season.

Words meanings summery:

• सुवर्णपुङ्खैः (suvarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden shafts/feathers (instrumental plural)

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows (instrumental plural)

• आचितौ (ācitau) - (the two warriors) covered (with arrows) (covered, filled, heaped up (dual))

• तौ (tau) - those two, they (dual)

• व्यरोचताम् (vyarocatām) - they shone, they appeared brilliantly (dual)

• खद्योतैः (khadyotaiḥ) - by fireflies (instrumental plural)

• आवृतौ (āvṛtau) - (two trees) covered (by fireflies) (covered, surrounded, enveloped (dual))

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative singular)

• प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - during the rainy season (in the rainy season (locative singular))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वनस्पती (vanaspatī) - two trees (dual)

Words meanings and morphology

सुवर्णपुङ्खैः (suvarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden shafts/feathers (instrumental plural)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suvarṇapuṅkha

suvarṇapuṅkha - having golden shafts/feathers (for an arrow)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'whose shafts are golden.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (suvarṇa+puṅkha)

• suvarṇa – gold, golden, beautiful color
  noun (neuter)
  From su (good) + varṇa (color).
  Prefix: su
• puṅkha – shaft (of an arrow), feathered part of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'iṣubhiḥ'.

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows (instrumental plural)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow, dart

From √iṣ (to wish, desire, send forth).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

आचितौ (ācitau) - (the two warriors) covered (with arrows) (covered, filled, heaped up (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ācita

ācita - covered, filled, heaped up, studded

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- + root √ci (to collect, heap up) + suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

तौ (tau) - those two, they (dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the two main combatants.

व्यरोचताम् (vyarocatām) - they shone, they appeared brilliantly (dual)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ruc

Imperfect, 3rd person dual, with prefix vi-.

Root √ruc, with prefix vi-, Imperfect (laṅ) ending -atām.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'vi-' often indicates intensity or separation, here 'shone brightly/distinctly'.

खद्योतैः (khadyotaiḥ) - by fireflies (instrumental plural)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khadyota

khadyota - firefly, glow-worm

Compound of kha (sky) and dyota (shining).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+dyota)

• kha – sky, ether, space, zero
  noun (neuter)
• dyota – shining, luminous, illuminating
  adjective / noun (masculine)
  Agent noun / action noun
  From √dyut (to shine) + -a suffix.
  Root: dyut (class 1)

आवृतौ (āvṛtau) - (two trees) covered (by fireflies) (covered, surrounded, enveloped (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- + root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) + suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'vanaspatī'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative singular)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Vocative singular form of rājan.

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रावृषि (prāvṛṣi) - during the rainy season (in the rainy season (locative singular))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon

From prefix pra- + √vṛṣ (to rain).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

वनस्पती (vanaspatī) - two trees (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, lord of the forest

Compound of vana (forest) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood, grove, water
  noun (neuter)
  From √van (to love, to obtain).
  Root: van (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)