महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-137, verse-40

ततः शरसहस्रेण द्रोणं विव्याध पार्थिवः ।
साश्वसूतध्वजरथं तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa droṇaṁ vivyādha pārthivaḥ ,
sāśvasūtadhvajarathaṁ tadadbhutamivābhavat.

40. tataḥ śara-sahasreṇa droṇam vivyādha pārthivaḥ
sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham tat adbhutam iva abhavat

40. tataḥ pārthivaḥ śara-sahasreṇa sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham
droṇam vivyādha tat adbhutam iva abhavat

40. Then, the king pierced Droṇa with a thousand arrows, hitting him along with his horses, charioteer, banner, and chariot. That event seemed truly miraculous.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• शर-सहस्रेण (śara-sahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (a proper name)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler, prince

• स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वज-रथम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham) - refers to Drona's chariot, horses, charioteer, and banner (along with horses, charioteer, banner, and chariot)

• तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the event)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wondrous, amazing, a wonder

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

शर-सहस्रेण (śara-sahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śara-sahasra

śara-sahasra - a thousand arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+sahasra)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṝ
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a teacher in the Mahabharata); a wooden vessel; a measure of capacity

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vivyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler, prince

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, ruler

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)

स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वज-रथम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratham) - refers to Drona's chariot, horses, charioteer, and banner (along with horses, charioteer, banner, and chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratha

sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja-ratha - with horses, charioteer, banner, and chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva+sūta+dhvaja+ratha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe Droṇa, or the situation around him.

तत् (tat) - that, this (referring to the event)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wondrous, amazing, a wonder

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, prodigious; a wonder, miracle

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)