महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-103, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तमुत्तीर्णं रथानीकात्तमसो भास्करं यथा ।
दिधारयिषुराचार्यः शरवर्षैरवाकिरत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tamuttīrṇaṁ rathānīkāttamaso bhāskaraṁ yathā ,
didhārayiṣurācāryaḥ śaravarṣairavākirat.

1. sañjaya uvāca tam uttīrṇam rathānīkāt tamasaḥ bhāskaram
yathā didhārayiṣuḥ ācāryaḥ śaravarṣaiḥ avākirat

1. sañjaya uvāca yathā tamasaḥ bhāskaram,
rathānīkāt uttīrṇam tam didhārayiṣuḥ ācāryaḥ śaravarṣaiḥ avākirat

1. Sañjaya said: As he (Bhīma) emerged from the array of chariots—like the sun emerging from darkness—the preceptor (guru), wishing to stop him, showered him with volleys of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma) (him, that (masculine singular))

• उत्तीर्णम् (uttīrṇam) - emerged, crossed over, risen

• रथानीकात् (rathānīkāt) - from the army of chariots, from the chariot array

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from darkness, from gloom

• भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, sun-maker

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• दिधारयिषुः (didhārayiṣuḥ) - wishing to hold back, desiring to stop/retain

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - referring to Droṇa (the preceptor (guru), teacher, master)

• शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows, with arrow-rain

• अवाकिरत् (avākirat) - he showered, he scattered, he poured down

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīma) (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उत्तीर्णम् (uttīrṇam) - emerged, crossed over, risen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ut-tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed over, passed through, achieved

past passive participle

Derived from root tṝ with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'

रथानीकात् (rathānīkāt) - from the army of chariots, from the chariot array

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - army of chariots, chariot array

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, array, front
  noun (neuter)

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from darkness, from gloom

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, a quality of nature (prakṛti)

भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun, sun-maker

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - the sun, maker of light

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, splendor, ray
  noun (feminine)
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

दिधारयिषुः (didhārayiṣuḥ) - wishing to hold back, desiring to stop/retain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of didhārayiṣu

didhārayiṣu - desirous of holding, wishing to stop

desiderative agent noun

Derived from desiderative stem of root dhṛ (to hold/support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ācāryaḥ'

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - referring to Droṇa (the preceptor (guru), teacher, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, master, spiritual guide (guru)

शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows, with arrow-rain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)

अवाकिरत् (avākirat) - he showered, he scattered, he poured down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ava-kṛ

imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect active

Prefix: ava

Root: kṛ (class 6)