महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-116, verse-51

एतद्वाक्यं सौहृदादापगेयो मध्ये राज्ञां भारतं श्रावयित्वा ।
तूष्णीमासीच्छल्यसंतप्तमर्मा यत्वात्मानं वेदनां संनिगृह्य ॥५१॥

51. etadvākyaṁ sauhṛdādāpageyo; madhye rājñāṁ bhārataṁ śrāvayitvā ,
tūṣṇīmāsīcchalyasaṁtaptamarmā; yatvātmānaṁ vedanāṁ saṁnigṛhya.

51. etat vākyam sauhṛdāt āpageyaḥ
madhye rājñām bhāratam śrāvayitvā
| tūṣṇīm āsīt śalyasaṃtaptamarmā
yatvā ātmānam vedanām saṃnigṛhya

51. sauhṛdāt āpageyaḥ rājñām madhye etat bhāratam vākyam śrāvayitvā tūṣṇīm āsīt.
śalyasaṃtaptamarmā (saḥ) ātmānam (ca) vedanām yatvā saṃnigṛhya (āsīt).

51. Having, out of affection, made this Bharata discourse heard among the kings, Apageya (Bhīṣma) then fell silent. He, whose vital organs were tormented by arrows (śalya), had carefully restrained his own self and firmly controlled his pain (vedanā).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (discourse) (this, that)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - Bhishma's discourse (speech, statement, sentence, discourse)

• सौहृदात् (sauhṛdāt) - from friendship, out of affection, from benevolence

• आपगेयः (āpageyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Apaga/Ganga; Bhishma)

• मध्ये (madhye) - among (the kings) (in the middle, amidst, among)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings present (of kings, among kings)

• भारतम् (bhāratam) - the discourse related to the Bharata lineage/war. (relating to Bharata; Bharata discourse)

• श्रावयित्वा (śrāvayitvā) - having recited/declared (his discourse) (having caused to hear, having recited)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (silent) (he/she/it was, became)

• शल्यसंतप्तमर्मा (śalyasaṁtaptamarmā) - (Bhishma) whose vital organs were severely pained by the arrows piercing him. (whose vital parts are tormented by arrows)

• यत्वा (yatvā) - having controlled (himself) (having controlled, having restrained; having striven)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (self, oneself, soul (ātman))

• वेदनाम् (vedanām) - the physical pain (from his wounds) (pain, suffering, sensation)

• संनिगृह्य (saṁnigṛhya) - having firmly controlled (his pain) (having firmly restrained, having completely controlled)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (discourse) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - Bhishma's discourse (speech, statement, sentence, discourse)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, discourse

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrāvayitvā'.

सौहृदात् (sauhṛdāt) - from friendship, out of affection, from benevolence

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sauhṛda

sauhṛda - friendship, affection, benevolence, kindness

From 'suhṛd' (friend) + 'aṇ' suffix.

आपगेयः (āpageyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Apaga/Ganga; Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpageya

āpageya - son of Apaga (Ganga), a patronymic of Bhishma

Derived from 'apaga' (a name for the river Ganga).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मध्ये (madhye) - among (the kings) (in the middle, amidst, among)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings present (of kings, among kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

भारतम् (bhāratam) - the discourse related to the Bharata lineage/war. (relating to Bharata; Bharata discourse)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, a resident of Bharata-varsha; The Mahabharata (as a discourse)

श्रावयित्वा (śrāvayitvā) - having recited/declared (his discourse) (having caused to hear, having recited)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the causative stem of root 'śru' (to hear) + 'tvā' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (silent) (he/she/it was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, active voice

3rd person singular imperfect active of root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

शल्यसंतप्तमर्मा (śalyasaṁtaptamarmā) - (Bhishma) whose vital organs were severely pained by the arrows piercing him. (whose vital parts are tormented by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalyasaṃtaptamarman

śalyasaṁtaptamarman - whose vital parts are pierced/burnt by darts/arrows

Bahuvrihi compound: 'śalya' (arrow) + 'saṃtapta' (burnt, tormented) + 'marman' (vital part).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śalya+saṃtapta+marman)

• śalya – dart, arrow, spear; bone, thorn
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtapta – burnt, intensely heated, tormented, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tap' (to heat, torment) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• marman – vital part (of the body), vulnerable point
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

यत्वा (yatvā) - having controlled (himself) (having controlled, having restrained; having striven)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'yat' + 'tvā' suffix. Can also be a variant of 'yamya' or 'saṃyamya' (having restrained).

Root: yat (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (self, oneself, soul (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, body

n-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'yatvā'.

वेदनाम् (vedanām) - the physical pain (from his wounds) (pain, suffering, sensation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vedanā

vedanā - pain, sensation, feeling, perception

From root 'vid' (to feel, know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'saṃnigṛhya'.

संनिगृह्य (saṁnigṛhya) - having firmly controlled (his pain) (having firmly restrained, having completely controlled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'gṛh' (to seize, take) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ni'.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: gṛh (class 9)