महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-116, verse-48

राज्यस्यार्धं दीयतां पाण्डवानामिन्द्रप्रस्थं धर्मराजोऽनुशास्तु ।
मा मित्रध्रुक्पार्थिवानां जघन्यः पापां कीर्तिं प्राप्स्यसे कौरवेन्द्र ॥४८॥

48. rājyasyārdhaṁ dīyatāṁ pāṇḍavānā;mindraprasthaṁ dharmarājo'nuśāstu ,
mā mitradhrukpārthivānāṁ jaghanyaḥ; pāpāṁ kīrtiṁ prāpsyase kauravendra.

48. rājyasya ardham dīyatām pāṇḍavānām
indraprastham dharmarājaḥ anuśāstu
mā mitradhruk pārthivānām jaghanyaḥ
pāpām kīrtim prāpsyase kauravendra

48. pāṇḍavānām rājyasya ardham dīyatām.
dharmarājaḥ indraprastham anuśāstu.
kauravendra mā mitradhruk pārthivānām jaghanyaḥ pāpām kīrtim prāpsyase.

48. Let half the kingdom be given to the Pāṇḍavas. Let Dharmarāja, the king of righteousness (dharma), rule Indraprastha. O chief of the Kauravas, do not, as a betrayer of friends, the most despicable among kings, acquire an evil reputation.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - Of the kingdom (of the kingdom, of the reign)

• अर्धम् (ardham) - Half (half, part)

• दीयताम् (dīyatām) - Let it be given

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - To the Pāṇḍavas (dative of indirect object) (to the Pāṇḍavas, of the Pāṇḍavas)

• इन्द्रप्रस्थम् (indraprastham) - Indraprastha (the city name) (Indraprastha (a city))

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of righteousness (dharma); Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अनुशास्तु (anuśāstu) - Let him rule (let him rule, let him govern)

• मा (mā) - Do not (prohibitive particle with optative/imperative verbs) (do not, not)

• मित्रध्रुक् (mitradhruk) - Betrayer of friends (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's actions) (betrayer of friends, one who harms friends)

• पार्थिवानाम् (pārthivānām) - Among kings (partitive genitive) (of kings, among kings)

• जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - The lowest/most despicable (superlative of inferiority) (lowest, vilest, hindmost)

• पापाम् (pāpām) - Evil (modifies reputation) (sinful, evil)

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - Reputation (fame, reputation, glory)

• प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - You will acquire (you will obtain, you will achieve)

• कौरवेन्द्र (kauravendra) - O chief of the Kauravas (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O chief of the Kauravas, O best of the Kauravas)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - Of the kingdom (of the kingdom, of the reign)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Note: Modifies ardham.

अर्धम् (ardham) - Half (half, part)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, portion

Note: Subject of dīyatām.

दीयताम् (dīyatām) - Let it be given

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Forms passive imperative.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - To the Pāṇḍavas (dative of indirect object) (to the Pāṇḍavas, of the Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Taddhita derivation from Pāṇḍu + a (descendant)

Note: Equivalent to a dative case when used with verbs of giving, though grammatically genitive here.

इन्द्रप्रस्थम् (indraprastham) - Indraprastha (the city name) (Indraprastha (a city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of indraprastha

indraprastha - Indraprastha (name of a city)

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+prastha)

• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
• prastha – level ground, plain; city, capital
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of anuśāstu.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of righteousness (dharma); Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness (dharma); Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of anuśāstu.

अनुशास्तु (anuśāstu) - Let him rule (let him rule, let him govern)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of anuśās

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

मा (mā) - Do not (prohibitive particle with optative/imperative verbs) (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive.

मित्रध्रुक् (mitradhruk) - Betrayer of friends (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's actions) (betrayer of friends, one who harms friends)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitradruh

mitradruh - betrayer of friends, one who injures friends

Compound: mitra (friend) + druh (to harm/hate)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (mitra+druh)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• druh – to hate, injure, harm
  verb
  agent noun
  Root druh + Kvip suffix (agent noun)
  Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective or appositive for the implied 'you'.

पार्थिवानाम् (pārthivānām) - Among kings (partitive genitive) (of kings, among kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Modifies jaghanyaḥ.

जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - The lowest/most despicable (superlative of inferiority) (lowest, vilest, hindmost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaghanya

jaghanya - lowest, hindmost, vile, despicable

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you'.

पापाम् (pāpām) - Evil (modifies reputation) (sinful, evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, sinful, wicked

Note: Agrees with kīrtim.

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - Reputation (fame, reputation, glory)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, reputation, glory, praise

From root kīrt (to praise)

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Object of prāpsyase.

प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - You will acquire (you will obtain, you will achieve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Future tense, middle voice.

कौरवेन्द्र (kauravendra) - O chief of the Kauravas (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O chief of the Kauravas, O best of the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravendra

kauravendra - chief of the Kauravas, best of the Kauravas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kaurava+indra)

• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava
  noun (masculine)
  Taddhita derivation from Kuru
• indra – Indra; chief, best
  noun (masculine)