महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-116, verse-19

अर्जुनस्तु तथेत्युक्त्वा रथमारुह्य वीर्यवान् ।
अधिज्यं बलवत्कृत्वा गाण्डीवं व्याक्षिपद्धनुः ॥१९॥

19. arjunastu tathetyuktvā rathamāruhya vīryavān ,
adhijyaṁ balavatkṛtvā gāṇḍīvaṁ vyākṣipaddhanuḥ.

19. arjunaḥ tu tathā iti uktvā rathaṃ āruhya vīryavān
adhijyaṃ balavat kṛtvā gāṇḍīvaṃ vyākṣipat dhanuḥ

19. tu vīryavān arjunaḥ tathā iti uktvā rathaṃ āruhya
gāṇḍīvaṃ dhanuḥ balavat adhijyaṃ kṛtvā vyākṣipat

19. But the valorous Arjuna, having said 'So be it!', mounted his chariot. Forcefully stringing his Gaṇḍīva bow, he drew it (back).

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)

• तथा (tathā) - 'so be it' (indicating agreement or affirmation) (so, thus, in that manner, 'so be it')

• इति (iti) - indicates the preceding word (tathā) is a direct statement (thus, so, often indicates direct speech or thought)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, after saying)

• रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot (chariot, car)

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (the chariot) (having ascended, having mounted)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous (Arjuna) (valorous, powerful, heroic)

• अधिज्यं (adhijyaṁ) - (making the bow) strung (strung (a bow), having the bowstring placed)

• बलवत् (balavat) - forcefully (mightily, powerfully, strongly)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (the bow strung) (having done, having made)

• गाण्डीवं (gāṇḍīvaṁ) - Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow) (Gaṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow))

• व्याक्षिपत् (vyākṣipat) - he drew back (the bowstring, meaning he bent the bow) (he threw, he bent (a bow), he drew back)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, clear

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - 'so be it' (indicating agreement or affirmation) (so, thus, in that manner, 'so be it')

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - indicates the preceding word (tathā) is a direct statement (thus, so, often indicates direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (having said, after saying)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak), with the suffix ktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot (chariot, car)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Object of āruhya.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted (the chariot) (having ascended, having mounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root ruh (to ascend) with prefix ā- and suffix lyaP (for compound verbs).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous (Arjuna) (valorous, powerful, heroic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - possessing valor, powerful, heroic

Derived from vīrya (valor, strength) with possessive suffix matup.

अधिज्यं (adhijyaṁ) - (making the bow) strung (strung (a bow), having the bowstring placed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhijya

adhijya - strung (a bow), having the bowstring mounted

Compound: adhi (upon) + jyā (bowstring).

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhi+jyā)

• adhi – upon, over, above
  indeclinable
• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)

Note: Predicative accusative modifying 'gāṇḍīvaṃ dhanuḥ' with kṛtvā.

बलवत् (balavat) - forcefully (mightily, powerfully, strongly)

(indeclinable)

Derived from bala (strength) with possessive suffix matup.

Note: Accusative neuter singular form of balavat is also balavat, which functions as an adverb here, modifying kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (the bow strung) (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make), with the suffix ktvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

गाण्डीवं (gāṇḍīvaṁ) - Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow) (Gaṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gaṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow)

Note: Object of vyākṣipat, functioning as an adjective to dhanuḥ.

व्याक्षिपत् (vyākṣipat) - he drew back (the bowstring, meaning he bent the bow) (he threw, he bent (a bow), he drew back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṣip

Imperfect Indicative

Derived from root kṣip (Class 6, kṣipati), imperfect tense, third person singular, with prefixes vi- and ā-.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, archer's bow

Note: Object of vyākṣipat, specified as gāṇḍīvaṃ.