महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-116, verse-21

ततः प्रदक्षिणं कृत्वा रथेन रथिनां वरः ।
शयानं भरतश्रेष्ठं सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वरम् ॥२१॥

21. tataḥ pradakṣiṇaṁ kṛtvā rathena rathināṁ varaḥ ,
śayānaṁ bharataśreṣṭhaṁ sarvaśastrabhṛtāṁ varam.

21. tataḥ pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā rathena rathinām varaḥ
śayānam bharataśreṣṭham sarvaśastrabṛtām varam

21. tataḥ rathinām varaḥ rathena pradakṣiṇam kṛtvā
śayānam bharataśreṣṭham sarvaśastrabṛtām varam

21. Then, the best among charioteers (Arjuna), having respectfully circumambulated by chariot the best of the Bharatas (Bhishma), who was lying (on the bed of arrows) and was the foremost among all weapon-bearers...

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise circumambulation (circumambulation (clockwise), respectfully, auspicious)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

• रथेन (rathena) - by means of the chariot (by a chariot)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (referring to Arjuna) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (on the bed of arrows, referring to Bhishma) (lying down, sleeping)

• भरतश्रेष्ठम् (bharataśreṣṭham) - the best of the Bharatas (referring to Bhishma) (best of the Bharatas)

• सर्वशस्त्रबृताम् (sarvaśastrabṛtām) - among all weapon-bearers (of all weapon-bearers)

• वरम् (varam) - the best (referring to Bhishma) (best, excellent, boon)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas from idam (that)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise circumambulation (circumambulation (clockwise), respectfully, auspicious)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - going to the right, clockwise, auspicious, respectfully

Prefix: pra

Root: dakṣ

Note: Functions as the object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerund indicating a completed action before the main verb of the sentence (implied or in the next verse).

रथेन (rathena) - by means of the chariot (by a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ramh

Note: Indicates the instrument of circumambulation.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Formed from ratha + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Used in a partitive sense with 'varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (referring to Arjuna) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, pre-eminent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Serves as the subject, implicitly referring to Arjuna.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (on the bed of arrows, referring to Bhishma) (lying down, sleeping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayaāna

śayaāna - lying, sleeping, reposing

Present Middle Participle

Root śī (to lie down) + śānac (middle participle suffix)

Root: śī (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठम् (bharataśreṣṭham) - the best of the Bharatas (referring to Bhishma) (best of the Bharatas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior, a specific lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (praśasta)

Note: Qualifies the implied object (Bhishma).

सर्वशस्त्रबृताम् (sarvaśastrabṛtām) - among all weapon-bearers (of all weapon-bearers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvaśastrabṛt

sarvaśastrabṛt - bearing all weapons, one who bears all weapons, an armed warrior

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarva+śastra+bhṛt)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• śastra – weapon, arm, tool
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, one who bears
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root bhṛ
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used in a partitive sense with 'varam'.

वरम् (varam) - the best (referring to Bhishma) (best, excellent, boon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, pre-eminent, choice, boon

Root: vṛ (class 1)