महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-113, verse-42

सात्यकिश्चेकितानश्च धृष्टद्युम्नश्च पार्षतः ।
विराटो द्रुपदश्चैव माद्रीपुत्रौ च पाण्डवौ ।
दुद्रुवुर्भीष्ममेवाजौ रक्षिता दृढधन्वना ॥४२॥

42. sātyakiścekitānaśca dhṛṣṭadyumnaśca pārṣataḥ ,
virāṭo drupadaścaiva mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau ,
dudruvurbhīṣmamevājau rakṣitā dṛḍhadhanvanā.

42. sātyakiḥ ca cekitānaḥ ca dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
ca pārṣataḥ virāṭaḥ drupadaḥ ca
eva mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau dudruvuḥ
bhīṣmam eva ājau rakṣitāḥ dṛḍhadhanvanā

42. sātyakiḥ ca cekitānaḥ ca dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
ca pārṣataḥ virāṭaḥ drupadaḥ ca
eva mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau dṛḍhadhanvanā
rakṣitāḥ bhīṣmam eva ājau dudruvuḥ

42. Satyaki, Chekitana, Dhrishtadyumna, the son of Prishata, Virata, Drupada, and the two Pandava sons of Madri (Nakula and Sahadeva)—all of them rushed towards Bhishma himself in battle, protected by the firm-bowman (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki (Satyaki (a Yadava hero))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चेकितानः (cekitānaḥ) - Chekitana (Chekitana (a Yadava hero))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (Dhrishtadyumna (Draupadi's brother))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - (son of Prishata, referring to Dhrishtadyumna) (son of Prishata, from the country of Prishata; a name of Dhrishtadyumna)

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virata (Virata (king of Matsya))

• द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (Drupada (king of Panchala))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - also (only, indeed, just)

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - the two sons of Madri (the two sons of Madri (Nakula and Sahadeva))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two Pandava brothers (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two Pandavas (sons of Pandu))

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - rushed (they rushed, they ran)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - towards Bhishma (to Bhishma)

• एव (eva) - (emphasizing Bhishma) (only, indeed, just)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected (protected, guarded)

• दृढधन्वना (dṛḍhadhanvanā) - by the firm-bowman (Arjuna) (by the strong-bowman, by the firm-bowman (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki (Satyaki (a Yadava hero))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a warrior, Krishna's charioteer and companion)

Note: Subject of the sentence

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चेकितानः (cekitānaḥ) - Chekitana (Chekitana (a Yadava hero))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cekitāna

cekitāna - Chekitana (a warrior from the Vrishni clan, ally of the Pandavas)

Note: Subject of the sentence

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (Dhrishtadyumna (Draupadi's brother))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army)

Note: Subject of the sentence

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - (son of Prishata, referring to Dhrishtadyumna) (son of Prishata, from the country of Prishata; a name of Dhrishtadyumna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Prishata; Dhrishtadyumna (as Drupada was son of Prishata, and Dhrishtadyumna son of Drupada, this refers to the lineage)

Patronymic from Pṛṣata (father of Drupada) or by extension, a descendant

Note: Appositive to Dhrishtadyumna.

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virata (Virata (king of Matsya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virata (a king of the Matsyas, host to the Pandavas during their exile)

Note: Subject of the sentence

द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (Drupada (king of Panchala))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (king of Panchala, father of Draupadi and Dhrishtadyumna)

Note: Subject of the sentence

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - the two sons of Madri (the two sons of Madri (Nakula and Sahadeva))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri (referring to Nakula and Sahadeva)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two Pandava brothers (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two Pandavas (sons of Pandu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; a Pandava

Patronymic from Paṇḍu

Note: Appositive to `mādrīputrau`

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - rushed (they rushed, they ran)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of drā

Perfect active

Root DRĀ (द्रा), reduplication for perfect tense

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subjects are the list of warriors.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - towards Bhishma (to Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma

Note: Object of `dudruvuḥ`

एव (eva) - (emphasizing Bhishma) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Indicates location/context of action

रक्षिताः (rakṣitāḥ) - protected (protected, guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root RAKṢ (रक्ष्) with suffix -ta

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

दृढधन्वना (dṛḍhadhanvanā) - by the firm-bowman (Arjuna) (by the strong-bowman, by the firm-bowman (Arjuna))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dṛḍhadhanvan

dṛḍhadhanvan - one with a strong bow, firm-bowed (epithet for Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dṛḍha+dhanus)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, hard, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root DṚH (दृंह्)
  Root: dṛh (class 7)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Agent of protection (`rakṣitāḥ`). Refers to Arjuna.