महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-113, verse-18

वध्यमानस्ततो राजन्पिता शांतनवस्तव ।
अमर्षवशमापन्नो योधयामास सृञ्जयान् ॥१८॥

18. vadhyamānastato rājanpitā śāṁtanavastava ,
amarṣavaśamāpanno yodhayāmāsa sṛñjayān.

18. vadhyamānaḥ tataḥ rājan pitā śāntanavaḥ tava
amarṣavaśam āpannaḥ yodhayāmāsa sṛñjayān

18. rājan,
tataḥ tava pitā śāntanavaḥ vadhyamānaḥ amarṣavaśam āpannaḥ sṛñjayān yodhayāmāsa

18. Then, O King, your father, the son of Shantanu (Shāntanava), being assailed, became overcome by wrath and fiercely fought the Srinjayas.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being assailed, being wounded, being struck, being killed

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore

• राजन् (rājan) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King!)

• पिता (pitā) - (Bhishma, who is like a father figure to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (father)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - (Bhishma) (son of Shantanu (Bhishma))

• तव (tava) - (belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, of you)

• अमर्षवशम् (amarṣavaśam) - under the sway of wrath, to the power of anger

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into, overcome by, reached

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight (intensively)

• सृञ्जयान् (sṛñjayān) - the Srinjayas

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being assailed, being wounded, being struck, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being assailed

Present Passive Participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill) + passive suffix -ya + present participle suffix -māna.

Root: √vadh

Note: Qualifies 'pitā śāntanavaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: √rāj (class 1)

Note: Used to address Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पिता (pitā) - (Bhishma, who is like a father figure to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, guardian

Note: Refers to Bhishma as Dhṛtarāṣṭra's father figure.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - (Bhishma) (son of Shantanu (Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Shantanu, Bhishma

Patronymic from 'Śantanu' + suffix -a.

Note: Co-refers with 'pitā' to Bhishma.

तव (tava) - (belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (pronoun)

अमर्षवशम् (amarṣavaśam) - under the sway of wrath, to the power of anger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣavaśa

amarṣavaśa - power of indignation, sway of wrath

Compound type : tatpurusha (amarṣa+vaśa)

• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From a- (negative) + √mṛṣ (to bear, endure)
  Prefix: a
  Root: √mṛṣ (class 1)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √vaś (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āpannaḥ'.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - having attained, having fallen into, overcome by, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- + root √pad (to go, fall) + suffix -na.

Prefix: ā

Root: √pad (class 4)

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight (intensively)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic perfect (lit) of yudh

Periphrastic Perfect Tense (causal)

Periphrastic perfect of the causal verb yodhayati, 3rd person singular, active voice. Formed with auxiliary 'kṛ'.

Root: √yudh (class 4)

सृञ्जयान् (sṛñjayān) - the Srinjayas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of an ancient tribe or kingdom

Note: Object of 'yodhayāmāsa'.