महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-113, verse-40

ततः शिखण्डी वेगेन प्रगृह्य परमायुधम् ।
भीष्ममेवाभिदुद्राव रक्ष्यमाणः किरीटिना ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ śikhaṇḍī vegena pragṛhya paramāyudham ,
bhīṣmamevābhidudrāva rakṣyamāṇaḥ kirīṭinā.

40. tataḥ śikhaṇḍī vegena pragṛhya paramāyudham
bhīṣmam eva abhidudrāva rakṣyamāṇaḥ kirīṭinā

40. tataḥ śikhaṇḍī vegena paramāyudham pragṛhya
kirīṭinā rakṣyamāṇaḥ bhīṣmam eva abhidudrāva

40. Then Shikhandi, swiftly grasping his supreme weapon, rushed towards Bhishma, being protected by Kiriti (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi (Shikhandi (a name))

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, forcibly)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped (having seized, having grasped)

• परमायुधम् (paramāyudham) - his supreme weapon (supreme weapon, excellent weapon)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - towards Bhishma (to Bhishma)

• एव (eva) - (emphasizing Bhishma) (only, indeed, just)

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (rushed towards, ran to)

• रक्ष्यमाणः (rakṣyamāṇaḥ) - being protected (being protected, being guarded)

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Kiriti (Arjuna) (by Kiriti, by Arjuna (the wearer of the diadem/crown))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - Shikhandi (Shikhandi (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandi (a warrior in the Mahabharata, of ambiguous gender, destined to cause Bhishma's fall)

Note: Subject of the action

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, forcibly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use indicating manner

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having grasped (having seized, having grasped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root GRH (ग्रह्) with upasarga PRA (प्र) and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

परमायुधम् (paramāyudham) - his supreme weapon (supreme weapon, excellent weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramāyudha

paramāyudha - supreme weapon, excellent weapon

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āyudha)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent, best
  adjective (neuter)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `pragṛhya`

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - towards Bhishma (to Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma

Note: Object of `abhidudrāva`

एव (eva) - (emphasizing Bhishma) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards (rushed towards, ran to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of abhidrā

Perfect active

Root DRĀ (द्रा) with upasarga ABHI (अभि), reduplication for perfect tense

Prefix: abhi

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

रक्ष्यमाणः (rakṣyamāṇaḥ) - being protected (being protected, being guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣyamāṇa

rakṣyamāṇa - being protected, being guarded

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root RAKṢ (रक्ष्) with suffix -māṇa (for passive)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Kiriti (Arjuna) (by Kiriti, by Arjuna (the wearer of the diadem/crown))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem; Kiriti (an epithet of Arjuna)

Derived from `kirīṭa` (diadem) with suffix -in (possessive)

Note: Agent of protection (`rakṣyamāṇaḥ`)