महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-113, verse-12

ते पराक्रान्तमालोक्य राजन्युधि पितामहम् ।
न न्यवर्तन्त कौरव्या ब्रह्मलोकपुरस्कृताः ॥१२॥

12. te parākrāntamālokya rājanyudhi pitāmaham ,
na nyavartanta kauravyā brahmalokapuraskṛtāḥ.

12. te parākrāntam ālokya rājan yudhi pitāmahaṃ
na nyavartanta kauravyāḥ brahmalokapuraskṛtāḥ

12. rājan,
te kauravyāḥ,
yudhi pitāmahaṃ parākrāntam ālokya,
brahmaloka-puraskṛtāḥ (santaḥ) na nyavartanta.

12. O King, seeing the Grandfather (Bhishma) valorous in battle, those Kauravas, who had set their sights on Brahmaloka (brahmaloka) as their ultimate reward, did not retreat.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• पराक्रान्तम् (parākrāntam) - valorous, powerful (accusative singular)

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, seeing

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle

• पितामहं (pitāmahaṁ) - Bhishma (grandfather (accusative singular))

• न (na) - not

• न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they did not retreat

• कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

• ब्रह्मलोकपुरस्कृताः (brahmalokapuraskṛtāḥ) - having Brahmaloka as their aim/reward, directed towards Brahmaloka

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

पराक्रान्तम् (parākrāntam) - valorous, powerful (accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrānta

parākrānta - valiant, powerful, mighty

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitāmahaṃ'.

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Describes the action before not retreating.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Address to Dhritarashtra.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight

Note: Location of Bhishma's valor.

पितामहं (pitāmahaṁ) - Bhishma (grandfather (accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Note: Object of 'ālokya'. Refers to Bhishma.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'nyavartanta'.

न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they did not retreat

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of ni-vṛt

Past Imperfect (Laṅ) 3rd person plural middle voice

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implies they kept fighting.

कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava

Note: Subject of 'na nyavartanta'.

ब्रह्मलोकपुरस्कृताः (brahmalokapuraskṛtāḥ) - having Brahmaloka as their aim/reward, directed towards Brahmaloka

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brahmalokapuraskṛta

brahmalokapuraskṛta - having Brahmaloka as their aim/reward

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (brahmaloka+puraskṛta)

• brahmaloka – world of Brahma, highest heaven
  noun (masculine)
• puraskṛta – honored, placed in front, directed towards
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: puras
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'kauravyāḥ'.