महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-80, verse-18

यथावध्ये भवेद्दोषो वध्यमाने जनार्दन ।
स वध्यस्यावधे दृष्ट इति धर्मविदो विदुः ॥१८॥

18. yathāvadhye bhaveddoṣo vadhyamāne janārdana ,
sa vadhyasyāvadhe dṛṣṭa iti dharmavido viduḥ.

18. yathā avadhye bhavet doṣaḥ vadhyamāne janārdana
saḥ vadhyasya avadhe dṛṣṭaḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ

18. O Janardana, just as a fault (doṣa) would arise from killing one who is inviolable, a similar fault is also observed from not killing one who deserves to be killed. This is what those who understand natural law (dharma) know.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• अवध्ये (avadhye) - in one who should not be killed, in an inviolable one

• भवेत् (bhavet) - there should be, it would be, he/she/it should be

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (doṣa) (fault, defect, sin, error)

• वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - in one who is being killed, while being killed

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

• सः (saḥ) - that (fault/doṣa) (that, he)

• वध्यस्य (vadhyasya) - of one who should be killed, of the one to be killed

• अवधे (avadhe) - in not killing, in sparing

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, considered

• इति (iti) - thus, so, it is said

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who know (dharma) (knowers of dharma (natural law))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

अवध्ये (avadhye) - in one who should not be killed, in an inviolable one

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable

Gerundive

from a-√han for killing

Prefix: a

Root: han (class 2)

Note: `a` is a negative prefix. `vadha` means killing (from root `han`).

भवेत् (bhavet) - there should be, it would be, he/she/it should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (doṣa) (fault, defect, sin, error)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin

वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - in one who is being killed, while being killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed

Present Passive Participle

from √vadh (causative of √han)

Root: han (class 2)

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janardana (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - "agitator of people" or "deliverer of people"

सः (saḥ) - that (fault/doṣa) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

वध्यस्य (vadhyasya) - of one who should be killed, of the one to be killed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - one who should be killed, deserving death

Gerundive

from √vadh (causative of √han)

Root: han (class 2)

अवधे (avadhe) - in not killing, in sparing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of avadha

avadha - not killing, immunity from death

Prefix: a

Root: han (class 2)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, observed, considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed

Past Passive Participle

from √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, it is said

(indeclinable)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - those who know (dharma) (knowers of dharma (natural law))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of natural law, expert in natural law

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, knower
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)