महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-80, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
राज्ञस्तु वचनं श्रुत्वा धर्मार्थसहितं हितम् ।
कृष्णा दाशार्हमासीनमब्रवीच्छोककर्षिता ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
rājñastu vacanaṁ śrutvā dharmārthasahitaṁ hitam ,
kṛṣṇā dāśārhamāsīnamabravīcchokakarṣitā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājñaḥ tu vacanam śrutvā dharmārthasahitam
hitam kṛṣṇā dāśārham āsīnam abravīt śokakarṣitā

1. Vaiśampāyana said: After hearing the king's beneficial words, which were aligned with natural law (dharma) and prosperity, Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī), overwhelmed by grief, spoke to Dāśārha (Kṛṣṇa) as he sat there.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

• तु (tu) - indeed, as for (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - words pertaining to natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (accompanied by or together with natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha))

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, advantageous

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

• दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - to Kṛṣṇa, who belongs to the Dāśārha clan (to Dāśārha, to Kṛṣṇa)

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• शोककर्षिता (śokakarṣitā) - distressed by grief, afflicted by sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of the sentence.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, root reduplication

Root: vac (class 2)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तु (tu) - indeed, as for (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle, often used for emphasis or mild contrast.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru + suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates a prior action to 'abravīt'.

धर्मार्थसहितम् (dharmārthasahitam) - words pertaining to natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (accompanied by or together with natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmārthasahita

dharmārthasahita - joined with natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha); beneficial for dharma and artha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+sahita)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, wealth, prosperity, material well-being
  noun (masculine)
• sahita – accompanied, joined, endowed with
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sah 'to bear, endure' with suffix -ita. Here used as a possessive adjective 'having'
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, advantageous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, wholesome, friendly; placed, deposited

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, set) + suffix -ta; also means beneficial

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Also qualifies 'vacanam'.

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadī, the wife of the Pāṇḍavas (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, the dark-complexioned one

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - to Kṛṣṇa, who belongs to the Dāśārha clan (to Dāśārha, to Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāśārha

dāśārha - a descendant of Daśārha; an epithet of Kṛṣṇa

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Past Active Participle

From root ās 'to sit' with suffix -īna (Pāṇini 3.2.107)

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'dāśārham'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular, from root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शोककर्षिता (śokakarṣitā) - distressed by grief, afflicted by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarṣita

śokakarṣita - distressed by grief, afflicted by sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+karṣita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• karṣita – drawn, dragged, afflicted, distressed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛṣ 'to drag, draw, afflict'
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kṛṣṇā'.