महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-267, verse-28

नावो न सन्ति सेनाया बह्व्यस्तारयितुं तथा ।
वणिजामुपघातं च कथमस्मद्विधश्चरेत् ॥२८॥

28. nāvo na santi senāyā bahvyastārayituṁ tathā ,
vaṇijāmupaghātaṁ ca kathamasmadvidhaścaret.

28. nāvaḥ na santi senāyāḥ bahvyaḥ tārayitum tathā
vaṇijām upaghātam ca katham asmadvidhaḥ caret

28. There are not many boats available in the army to ferry [us] across in such a manner. Furthermore, how can someone like us inflict harm upon merchants?

Words meanings summery:

• नावः (nāvaḥ) - boats (boats, ships)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• सन्ति (santi) - are available (are, exist)

• सेनायाः (senāyāḥ) - of the army

• बह्व्यः (bahvyaḥ) - many (many, numerous)

• तारयितुम् (tārayitum) - to ferry across (to cause to cross, to ferry across)

• तथा (tathā) - in such a manner (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• वणिजाम् (vaṇijām) - of merchants (of merchants, traders)

• उपघातम् (upaghātam) - harm (harm, injury, destruction, hindrance)

• च (ca) - and, furthermore (and, also)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - someone like us (referring to those who uphold dharma) (one like us, of our kind)

• चरेत् (caret) - should act (i.e., cause harm) (should act, should do, should behave)

Words meanings and morphology

नावः (nāvaḥ) - boats (boats, ships)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nau

nau - boat, ship

Stem ends in a diphthong.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सन्ति (santi) - are available (are, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of as

Present active indicative

From root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

सेनायाः (senāyāḥ) - of the army

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military force

बह्व्यः (bahvyaḥ) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with nāvaḥ.

तारयितुम् (tārayitum) - to ferry across (to cause to cross, to ferry across)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive of the causative

Derived from causative stem of root √tṝ (to cross) + tumun suffix.

Root: tṝ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - in such a manner (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

वणिजाम् (vaṇijām) - of merchants (of merchants, traders)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

उपघातम् (upaghātam) - harm (harm, injury, destruction, hindrance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaghāta

upaghāta - harm, injury, destruction, attack, hindrance

From upa + root han (to strike/kill) + gha suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and, furthermore (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - someone like us (referring to those who uphold dharma) (one like us, of our kind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmadvidha

asmadvidha - like us, of our kind, resembling us

Compound with asmad (us) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – us, we
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

चरेत् (caret) - should act (i.e., cause harm) (should act, should do, should behave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Optative active

From root √car (to move/act).

Root: car (class 1)