महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-267, verse-21

निवसन्ती निराबाधा तथैव गिरिसानुषु ।
उपायाद्धरिसेना सा क्षारोदमथ सागरम् ॥२१॥

21. nivasantī nirābādhā tathaiva girisānuṣu ,
upāyāddharisenā sā kṣārodamatha sāgaram.

21. nivasantī nirābādhā tathā eva girisānuṣu
upāyāt hari-senā sā kṣārodam atha sāgaram

21. Camping unhindered, even on the mountain slopes, that monkey army (harisenā) then reached the salty ocean.

21. (צבא הקופים) שהה ללא הפרעה, וכך גם במדרונות ההרים, ולבסוף הגיע צבא הקופים ההוא אל הים המלוח.

Words meanings summery:

• निवसन्ती (nivasantī) - dwelling, camping, residing

• निराबाधा (nirābādhā) - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, even (thus, so, in the same way)

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, just, only, even)

• गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on mountain slopes/ridges

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, reached

• हरिसेना (harisenā) - monkey army, army of monkeys

• सा (sā) - that (referring to the monkey army) (that)

• क्षारोदम् (kṣārodam) - to the salty ocean/water

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean, sea

Words meanings and morphology

निवसन्ती (nivasantī) - dwelling, camping, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivasat

nivasat - dwelling, residing, camping

Present Active Participle

From root √vas (to dwell) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

निराबाधा (nirābādhā) - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirābādha

nirābādha - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles, secure

Compound of nir- (without) and ābādha (hindrance).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (nis+ābādha)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'without' or 'free from'.
• ābādha – hindrance, impediment, obstacle, affliction
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bādh (to torment) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harisenā'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, even (thus, so, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even (indeed, just, only, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on mountain slopes/ridges

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of girisānu

girisānu - mountain slope, mountain ridge

Tatpuruṣa compound: giri (mountain) + sānu (slope).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (giri+sānu)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  From root √gṝ (to swallow, to raise).
  Root: gṝ (class 6)
• sānu – summit, peak, ridge, slope of a mountain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location where they were camping.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of yā

Aorist 3rd singular

From root √yā (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

हरिसेना (harisenā) - monkey army, army of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of harisenā

harisenā - monkey army, army of monkeys

Tatpuruṣa compound: hari (monkey) + senā (army).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hari+senā)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• senā – army, host, forces
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सा (sā) - that (referring to the monkey army) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'harisenā'.

क्षारोदम् (kṣārodam) - to the salty ocean/water

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of kṣāroda

kṣāroda - salty water, salty ocean

Compound of kṣāra (salty) and uda (water). Guṇa sandhi 'a + u = o' happens internally.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (kṣāra+uda)

• kṣāra – salty, saline, acrid
  adjective (masculine)
• uda – water
  noun (neuter)
  From root √und (to wet).
  Root: und (class 7)

Note: Direct object of the verb.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or introduction.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Derived from sagara (with Sagara, referring to the legend of Sagara creating the ocean).

Note: Direct object of the verb.

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