महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-267, verse-21

निवसन्ती निराबाधा तथैव गिरिसानुषु ।
उपायाद्धरिसेना सा क्षारोदमथ सागरम् ॥२१॥

21. nivasantī nirābādhā tathaiva girisānuṣu ,
upāyāddharisenā sā kṣārodamatha sāgaram.

21. nivasantī nirābādhā tathā eva girisānuṣu
upāyāt hari-senā sā kṣārodam atha sāgaram

21. Camping unhindered, even on the mountain slopes, that monkey army (harisenā) then reached the salty ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• निवसन्ती (nivasantī) - dwelling, camping, residing

• निराबाधा (nirābādhā) - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, even (thus, so, in the same way)

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, just, only, even)

• गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on mountain slopes/ridges

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, reached

• हरिसेना (harisenā) - monkey army, army of monkeys

• सा (sā) - that (referring to the monkey army) (that)

• क्षारोदम् (kṣārodam) - to the salty ocean/water

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover)

• सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean, sea

Words meanings and morphology

निवसन्ती (nivasantī) - dwelling, camping, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivasat

nivasat - dwelling, residing, camping

Present Active Participle

From root √vas (to dwell) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

निराबाधा (nirābādhā) - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirābādha

nirābādha - unhindered, unopposed, free from obstacles, secure

Compound of nir- (without) and ābādha (hindrance).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (nis+ābādha)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'without' or 'free from'.
• ābādha – hindrance, impediment, obstacle, affliction
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bādh (to torment) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harisenā'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, even (thus, so, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even (indeed, just, only, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on mountain slopes/ridges

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of girisānu

girisānu - mountain slope, mountain ridge

Tatpuruṣa compound: giri (mountain) + sānu (slope).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (giri+sānu)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  From root √gṝ (to swallow, to raise).
  Root: gṝ (class 6)
• sānu – summit, peak, ridge, slope of a mountain
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location where they were camping.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of yā

Aorist 3rd singular

From root √yā (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

हरिसेना (harisenā) - monkey army, army of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of harisenā

harisenā - monkey army, army of monkeys

Tatpuruṣa compound: hari (monkey) + senā (army).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (hari+senā)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• senā – army, host, forces
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सा (sā) - that (referring to the monkey army) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'harisenā'.

क्षारोदम् (kṣārodam) - to the salty ocean/water

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of kṣāroda

kṣāroda - salty water, salty ocean

Compound of kṣāra (salty) and uda (water). Guṇa sandhi 'a + u = o' happens internally.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (kṣāra+uda)

• kṣāra – salty, saline, acrid
  adjective (masculine)
• uda – water
  noun (neuter)
  From root √und (to wet).
  Root: und (class 7)

Note: Direct object of the verb.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or introduction.

सागरम् (sāgaram) - to the ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Derived from sagara (with Sagara, referring to the legend of Sagara creating the ocean).

Note: Direct object of the verb.