महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-213, verse-42

निष्क्रामंश्चाप्यपश्यत्स पत्नीस्तेषां महात्मनाम् ।
स्वेष्वाश्रमेषूपविष्टाः स्नायन्तीश्च यथासुखम् ॥४२॥

42. niṣkrāmaṁścāpyapaśyatsa patnīsteṣāṁ mahātmanām ,
sveṣvāśrameṣūpaviṣṭāḥ snāyantīśca yathāsukham.

42. niṣkrāman ca api apaśyat saḥ patnīḥ teṣāṃ mahātmanām
sveṣu āśrameṣu upaviṣṭāḥ snāyantīḥ ca yathāsukham

42. As he (Agni) departed, he also saw the wives of those great-souled sages (mahātmanām). These wives were seated in their own hermitages (āśrama) and bathing comfortably as they pleased.

Words meanings summery:

• निष्क्रामन् (niṣkrāman) - while departing (departing, leaving, going out)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

• सः (saḥ) - He (Agni) (he, that)

• पत्नीः (patnīḥ) - wives

• तेषां (teṣāṁ) - of those (sages) (of those)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled sages (of the great souls, of the noble ones)

• स्वेषु (sveṣu) - in their own

• आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in hermitages, in ascetic retreats

• उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sitting

• स्नायन्तीः (snāyantīḥ) - bathing, performing ablutions

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - comfortably, as it pleased, at ease

Words meanings and morphology

निष्क्रामन् (niṣkrāman) - while departing (departing, leaving, going out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkrāmat

niṣkrāmat - departing, leaving, going out

Present Active Participle

From root √kram (to step, go) with prefix niṣ-.

Prefix: niṣ

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Agni).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that he *also* saw.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Imperfect (laṅ)

Third person singular imperfect from root √dṛś. Augmented with 'a-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - He (Agni) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of apaśyat.

पत्नीः (patnīḥ) - wives

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress

Note: Direct object of apaśyat.

तेषां (teṣāṁ) - of those (sages) (of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sages.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled sages (of the great souls, of the noble ones)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted, great person

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies teṣāṃ.

स्वेषु (sveṣu) - in their own

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, personal, property

Note: Qualifies āśrameṣu.

आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in hermitages, in ascetic retreats

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ascetic retreat, stage of life

Note: Location for upaviṣṭāḥ and snāyantīḥ.

उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, having sat down

Past Passive Participle

From root √viś (to enter) with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the wives.

स्नायन्तीः (snāyantīḥ) - bathing, performing ablutions

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of snāyantī

snāyantī - bathing, performing ablutions

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of snāyat, from root √snā (to bathe).

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the wives.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'seated' and 'bathing'.

यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - comfortably, as it pleased, at ease

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound (avyayībhāva).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sukha)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• sukha – happiness, comfort, ease
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes how the wives were bathing.