महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-213, verse-38

भागार्थं तपसोपात्तं तेषां सोमं तथाध्वरे ।
पिपासवो ययुर्देवाः शतक्रतुपुरोगमाः ॥३८॥

38. bhāgārthaṁ tapasopāttaṁ teṣāṁ somaṁ tathādhvare ,
pipāsavo yayurdevāḥ śatakratupurogamāḥ.

38. bhāgārthaṃ tapasaḥ upāttaṃ teṣāṃ somaṃ tathā
adhvare pipāsavaḥ yayuḥ devāḥ śatakratupurogamāḥ

38. Desiring their share of the Soma obtained through their ascetic practice (tapas), and also the Soma from the sacrifice, the gods, led by Śatakratu (Indra), went (there).

Words meanings summery:

• भागार्थम् (bhāgārtham) - desiring a share (of Soma) (for the sake of a share, for a portion)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of ascetic practice (tapas), through asceticism

• उपात्तम् (upāttam) - Soma obtained (obtained, acquired)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• सोमम् (somam) - Soma (divine drink/plant)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, and, also)

• अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

• पिपासवः (pipāsavaḥ) - desirous of drinking Soma (desirous of drinking, thirsty)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - went

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• शतक्रतुपुरोगमाः (śatakratupurogamāḥ) - led by Śatakratu (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

भागार्थम् (bhāgārtham) - desiring a share (of Soma) (for the sake of a share, for a portion)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāga+artha)

• bhāga – share, portion, lot
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts adverbially.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of ascetic practice (tapas), through asceticism

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - ascetic practice, austerity, penance

Note: Also can be ablative singular. Here genitive, 'of tapas', implying obtained through tapas.

उपात्तम् (upāttam) - Soma obtained (obtained, acquired)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upātta

upātta - obtained, acquired, received

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ā-dā' with upasarga 'upa'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: It qualifies 'soma'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sages.

सोमम् (somam) - Soma (divine drink/plant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma (a divine plant, its juice used in Vedic sacrifices; also a deity)

Note: Object of 'desiring' (implied by `bhāgārtham` and `pipāsavaḥ`)

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, and, also)

(indeclinable)

अध्वरे (adhvare) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvara

adhvara - sacrifice, ritual (especially a Soma sacrifice)

पिपासवः (pipāsavaḥ) - desirous of drinking Soma (desirous of drinking, thirsty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pipāsu

pipāsu - desirous of drinking, thirsty

Desiderative participle

From root pā (to drink) in desiderative stem

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'devāḥ'.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of i

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root: i (class 2)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, divine being

Note: Subject of `yayuḥ`.

शतक्रतुपुरोगमाः (śatakratupurogamāḥ) - led by Śatakratu (Indra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatakratupurogama

śatakratupurogama - having Śatakratu (Indra) as the leader or forerunner

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śatakratu+purogama)

• śatakratu – Indra (one who has performed a hundred sacrifices)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purogama – going before, leading, forerunner
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'devāḥ'.