महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-44, verse-12

एतद्धि नित्यं यत्नेन पदं रक्ष्यं परंतप ।
बहुप्रत्यर्थिकं ह्येतद्राज्यं नाम नराधिप ॥१२॥

12. etaddhi nityaṁ yatnena padaṁ rakṣyaṁ paraṁtapa ,
bahupratyarthikaṁ hyetadrājyaṁ nāma narādhipa.

12. etad hi nityam yatnena padam rakṣyam parantapa |
bahupratyarthikam hi etat rājyam nāma narādhipa

12. Indeed, this position should always be protected with effort, O tormentor of enemies, for this thing called kingship, O king, has many adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• एतद् (etad) - this (position) (this, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort (by effort, with exertion, diligently)

• पदम् (padam) - position (of kingship/throne) (foot, step, place, position, rank)

• रक्ष्यम् (rakṣyam) - should be protected (to be protected, should be guarded)

• परन्तप (parantapa) - O tormentor of enemies (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

• बहुप्रत्यर्थिकम् (bahupratyarthikam) - has many adversaries (having many adversaries/enemies)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, because, for)

• एतत् (etat) - this (kingship) (this, that)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (kingdom, kingship, sovereignty)

• नाम (nāma) - called (kingship) (by name, indeed, called)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

एतद् (etad) - this (position) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort (by effort, with exertion, diligently)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, care

Root: yat (class 1)

पदम् (padam) - position (of kingship/throne) (foot, step, place, position, rank)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, position, office, rank

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the royal position.

रक्ष्यम् (rakṣyam) - should be protected (to be protected, should be guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣya

rakṣya - to be protected, to be guarded, defensible

Gerundive

Derived from root rakṣ- with suffix -ya

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

परन्तप (parantapa) - O tormentor of enemies (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of parantapa

parantapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes, heroic

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• tapa – one who burns/scorches/torments (derived from tap, to heat)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root tap- (ṇic)
  Root: tap (class 1)

बहुप्रत्यर्थिकम् (bahupratyarthikam) - has many adversaries (having many adversaries/enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahupratyarthika

bahupratyarthika - having many adversaries, besieged by many enemies

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+pratyarthika)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• pratyarthika – adversary, opponent, enemy
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: prati

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rājyam'.

हि (hi) - for (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (kingship) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that, he, she, it

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (kingdom, kingship, sovereignty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

Root: rāj (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - called (kingship) (by name, indeed, called)

(indeclinable)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi