महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-54

एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु देवाः शक्रपुरोगमाः ।
असुरस्तारको नाम तेन संतापिता भृशम् ॥५४॥

54. etasminneva kāle tu devāḥ śakrapurogamāḥ ,
asurastārako nāma tena saṁtāpitā bhṛśam.

54. etasmin eva kāle tu devāḥ śakrapurogamāḥ
asuraḥ tārakaḥ nāma tena saṃtāpitāḥ bhṛśam

54. tu etasmin eva kāle śakrapurogamāḥ devāḥ
tārakaḥ nāma asuraḥ tena bhṛśam saṃtāpitāḥ

54. But at this very time, the gods, with Indra as their leader, were greatly tormented by an asura named Tāraka.

Words meanings summery:

• एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this (in this, at this)

• एव (eva) - very (indeed, very, only)

• काले (kāle) - at this time (in time, at the time)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods)

• शक्रपुरोगमाः (śakrapurogamāḥ) - with Indra as their leader (led by Indra, having Indra at the front)

• असुरः (asuraḥ) - an asura (demon, anti-god)

• तारकः (tārakaḥ) - Tāraka (a proper name for an asura) (deliverer, savior (also a proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Taraka) (by him, by that)

• संतापिताः (saṁtāpitāḥ) - were tormented (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्मिन् (etasmin) - at this (in this, at this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with kāle.

एव (eva) - very (indeed, very, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

काले (kāle) - at this time (in time, at the time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'were'.

शक्रपुरोगमाः (śakrapurogamāḥ) - with Indra as their leader (led by Indra, having Indra at the front)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakrapurogama

śakrapurogama - led by Indra, having Indra as foremost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śakra+purogama)

• śakra – Indra (name of the deity), mighty, powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
• purogama – going before, leading, leader
  adjective
  From puras (before) + gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with devāḥ.

असुरः (asuraḥ) - an asura (demon, anti-god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, mighty spirit

Note: Subject of the 'named'.

तारकः (tārakaḥ) - Tāraka (a proper name for an asura) (deliverer, savior (also a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāraka

tāraka - Taraka (name of an asura); also 'deliverer, ferryman'

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Appears in conjunction with nāma.

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, named)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

तेन (tena) - by him (Taraka) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to Taraka.

संतापिताः (saṁtāpitāḥ) - were tormented (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃtāpita

saṁtāpita - heated, tormented, afflicted, harassed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of sam-tap (causative)

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with devāḥ. The devanagari has संतापिता which can be singular feminine or plural masculine in some contexts; here it refers to plural masculine 'devāḥ', so saṃtāpitāḥ is correct.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (greatly, exceedingly, very much)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying saṃtāpitāḥ.