महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-46

इति तेषां कथयतां भगवान्गोवृषध्वजः ।
एवमस्त्विति देवांस्तान्विप्रर्षे प्रत्यभाषत ॥४६॥

46. iti teṣāṁ kathayatāṁ bhagavāngovṛṣadhvajaḥ ,
evamastviti devāṁstānviprarṣe pratyabhāṣata.

46. iti teṣām kathayatām bhagavān govṛṣadhvajaḥ
evam astu iti devān tān viprarṣe pratyabhāṣata

46. viprarṣe iti teṣām kathayatām bhagavān
govṛṣadhvajaḥ tān devān evam astu iti pratyabhāṣata

46. O Brahmin sage, as they were speaking thus, the revered Lord, whose banner is a bull, replied to those gods, saying, 'So be it!'

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• कथयताम् (kathayatām) - while speaking, of those who were speaking

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - The revered Lord Shiva (the revered one, the lord, the fortunate one)

• गोवृषध्वजः (govṛṣadhvajaḥ) - An epithet for Shiva (whose banner is a bull, having a bull as his emblem)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, so be it

• इति (iti) - quotative particle (thus)

• देवान् (devān) - the gods

• तान् (tān) - those

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - The narrator is addressing a Brahmin sage. (O Brahmin sage, O royal sage)

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Quotative particle, marks the end of a quote or thought.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: Possessive, referring to the gods who were speaking.

कथयताम् (kathayatām) - while speaking, of those who were speaking

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kathayat

kathayat - speaking, narrating, telling

Present Active Participle

From root 'kath' (to speak, to tell), typically class 10 or derived from causative stem 'katha-aya'.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Conveys the ongoing action of the gods ('while speaking').

भगवान् (bhagavān) - The revered Lord Shiva (the revered one, the lord, the fortunate one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, auspicious, divine, revered, lord

Formed from 'bhaga' (fortune, excellence) + possessive suffix '-vat'.

Note: Refers to Shiva.

गोवृषध्वजः (govṛṣadhvajaḥ) - An epithet for Shiva (whose banner is a bull, having a bull as his emblem)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govṛṣadhvaja

govṛṣadhvaja - having a bull for his banner/emblem

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'go' (bull) + 'vṛṣa' (bull) + 'dhvaja' (banner).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (go+vṛṣa+dhvaja)

• go – cow, ox, bull, ray of light
  noun (masculine/feminine)
  U/O-stem noun. Here, likely 'bull'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, best
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain, to be potent).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem, sign
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhvaj' (to move to and fro, to bear a flag).
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Shiva, referring to Nandi, his bull vehicle and emblem.

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies 'astu'.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, so be it

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Present Active Imperative

From root 'as' (class 2), 3rd person singular imperative.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

इति (iti) - quotative particle (thus)

(indeclinable)

Quotative particle, marks the end of a direct quote.

देवान् (devān) - the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root 'div' (to shine, heaven).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'pratyabhāṣata'.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: Agrees with and emphasizes 'devān'.

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - The narrator is addressing a Brahmin sage. (O Brahmin sage, O royal sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - Brahmin sage, a sage who is also a Brahmin

Compound: 'vipra' (Brahmin) + 'ṛṣi' (sage). I-stem noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – Brahmin, inspired, sage
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vip' (to tremble, to vibrate, to inspire).
  Root: vip
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ṛṣ' (to go, to move).
  Root: ṛṣ

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle

From root 'bhāṣ' (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefix 'prati-'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect tense.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates Shiva's reply.