महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-37

तस्मात्सुवर्णं ददता दत्ताः सर्वाश्च देवताः ।
भवन्ति पुरुषव्याघ्र न ह्यतः परमं विदुः ॥३७॥

37. tasmātsuvarṇaṁ dadatā dattāḥ sarvāśca devatāḥ ,
bhavanti puruṣavyāghra na hyataḥ paramaṁ viduḥ.

37. tasmāt suvarṇam dadatā dattāḥ sarvāḥ ca devatāḥ
bhavanti puruṣavyāghra na hi ataḥ paramam viduḥ

37. Therefore, by giving gold, all the deities are (considered) honored, O tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra). Indeed, people do not know anything higher than this.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सुवर्णम् (suvarṇam) - gold

• ददता (dadatā) - by the one giving, by the giver

• दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - given, offered, bestowed

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• च (ca) - and

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities, gods

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O best of men, O tiger among men

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, than this, hence

• परमम् (paramam) - highest, supreme, superior

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Often used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

सुवर्णम् (suvarṇam) - gold

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suvarṇa

suvarṇa - gold, of a good color, beautiful, handsome

From su (good) + varṇa (color)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+varṇa)

• su – good, well, easily
  indeclinable
• varṇa – color, caste, class, letter, sound
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of implied 'giving'.

ददता (dadatā) - by the one giving, by the giver

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dadat

dadat - giving, giver (present active participle of √dā)

Present Active Participle

From √dā (to give), reduplicated stem.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The agent of the action 'given'.

दत्ताः (dattāḥ) - given, offered, bestowed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of datta

datta - given, presented, granted

Past Passive Participle

From √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'devatāḥ'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjective modifying 'devatāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects clauses, here emphasizing 'all'.

देवताः (devatāḥ) - deities, gods

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, god, godhead

From deva (god) + -tā (abstract suffix)

Root: div

Note: Subject of 'bhavanti'.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhū

present tense

From √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O best of men, O tiger among men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men (idiomatic for 'best of men', 'excellent man')

Compound: puruṣa (man) + vyāghra (tiger)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to a powerful or excellent person.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb 'viduḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Adds emphasis.

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, than this, hence

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from idam (this).

Note: Used in a comparative sense with 'paramam'.

परमम् (paramam) - highest, supreme, superior

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, excellent, ultimate, most distant

Superlative form from para (other, further).

Note: Object of 'viduḥ', implying "a higher thing".

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vid

present tense

From √vid (to know), 3rd person plural present active indicative (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)