महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-2

राज्यं हि सततं दुःखमाश्रमाश्च सुदुर्विदाः ।
परिवारेण वै दुःखं दुर्धरं चाकृतात्मभिः ।
भूयिष्ठं च नरेन्द्राणां विद्यते न शुभा गतिः ॥२॥

2. rājyaṁ hi satataṁ duḥkhamāśramāśca sudurvidāḥ ,
parivāreṇa vai duḥkhaṁ durdharaṁ cākṛtātmabhiḥ ,
bhūyiṣṭhaṁ ca narendrāṇāṁ vidyate na śubhā gatiḥ.

2. rājyam hi satatam duḥkham āśramāḥ ca
sudurvidāḥ parivāreṇa vai duḥkham
durdharam ca akṛtātmabhiḥ bhūyiṣṭham
ca narendrāṇām vidyate na śubhā gatiḥ

2. rājyam hi satatam duḥkham āśramāḥ ca
sudurvidāḥ parivāreṇa vai ca akṛtātmabhiḥ
duḥkham durdharam bhūyiṣṭham
ca narendrāṇām śubhā gatiḥ na vidyate

2. Kingship is indeed constant sorrow. The stages of life (āśramas) are also very difficult to understand. Sorrow is truly difficult to bear through one's retinue and by those whose inner self (ātman) is not cultivated. Furthermore, for most kings, an auspicious destination is not found.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship, sovereignty, kingdom

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life (āśramas), hermitages

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुदुर्विदाः (sudurvidāḥ) - very difficult to understand/know

• परिवारेण (parivāreṇa) - by the retinue, by the family/dependents

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

• दुर्धरम् (durdharam) - difficult to bear/sustain

• च (ca) - and, also

• अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those whose self is not cultivated/disciplined

• भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - for the most part, mostly, abundantly

• च (ca) - and, also

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• न (na) - not, no

• शुभा (śubhā) - auspicious, good, beautiful

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - destination, course, fate, movement

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship, sovereignty, kingdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, kingdom, dominion

Root: rāj (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of the accusative singular.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life (āśramas), hermitages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery; stage of life (student, householder, forest dweller, renunciant)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुदुर्विदाः (sudurvidāḥ) - very difficult to understand/know

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sudurvida

sudurvida - very difficult to know or understand

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+durvida)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating good, easy, intense
• durvida – difficult to know
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of dur (difficult) and vida (knowing)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'āśramāḥ'.

परिवारेण (parivāreṇa) - by the retinue, by the family/dependents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parivāra

parivāra - retinue, attendants, family, followers

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

दुर्धरम् (durdharam) - difficult to bear/sustain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durdhara

durdhara - difficult to bear, hard to hold

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+dhara)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• dhara – bearing, holding, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to bear, hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective modifying 'duḥkham'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those whose self is not cultivated/disciplined

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self is not cultivated or purified, unspiritual

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, cultivated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to do, to make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, life, ego
  noun (masculine)

भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - for the most part, mostly, abundantly

(indeclinable)

superlative

Superlative degree of 'bahu' (much, many)

Note: Adverbial usage of the neuter singular nominative/accusative.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, ruler, Indra (god)
  noun (masculine)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शुभा (śubhā) - auspicious, good, beautiful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubha - auspicious, fortunate, good, beautiful

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'gatiḥ'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - destination, course, fate, movement

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, course, way, destination, fate, means of success

Derived from the root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)