महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
उक्तं पितामहेनेदं गवां दानमनुत्तमम् ।
विशेषेण नरेन्द्राणामिति धर्ममवेक्षताम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
uktaṁ pitāmahenedaṁ gavāṁ dānamanuttamam ,
viśeṣeṇa narendrāṇāmiti dharmamavekṣatām.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca uktam pitāmahena idam gavām dānam
anuttamam viśeṣeṇa narendrāṇām iti dharmam avekṣatām

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmahena idam anuttamam gavām
dānam uktam viśeṣeṇa narendrāṇām iti dharmam avekṣatām

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'This excellent gift of cows has been spoken of by the grandfather (Bhīṣma), especially for kings, who are observers of their duty (dharma).'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, declared

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - Refers to Bhīṣma (by the grandfather)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, by distinction

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma), righteousness, natural law

• अवेक्षताम् (avekṣatām) - of those who observe/consider

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective modifying 'dānam'.

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - Refers to Bhīṣma (by the grandfather)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Refers to the gift of cows.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, donation

Derived from the root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, best, supreme, excellent

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• uttama – best, highest, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' (up)

Note: Modifies 'dānam'.

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, by distinction

(indeclinable)

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Instrumental case used adverbially.

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, ruler, Indra (god)
  noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, saying

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (dharma), righteousness, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अवेक्षताम् (avekṣatām) - of those who observe/consider

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avekṣat

avekṣat - observing, considering, looking at

present active participle

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see, look) with prefix 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'narendrāṇām'.