महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-10

भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्नवहितो बहुकारणविस्तरम् ।
जातरूपसमुत्पत्तिमनुभूतं च यन्मया ॥१०॥

10. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannavahito bahukāraṇavistaram ,
jātarūpasamutpattimanubhūtaṁ ca yanmayā.

10. bhīṣma uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ bahukāraṇavistaram
jātarūpasamutpattim anubhūtam ca yat mayā

10. Bhishma said: "Listen attentively, O King, to the detailed explanation of many reasons, and to the origin of gold (jātarūpa) which I have personally experienced."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhishthira) (O king)

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (attentive, absorbed, prepared)

• बहुकारणविस्तरम् (bahukāraṇavistaram) - the detailed explanation of many reasons (the extensive details of many reasons, an elaborate explanation of many causes)

• जातरूपसमुत्पत्तिम् (jātarūpasamutpattim) - the origin of gold (jātarūpa) (the origin of gold)

• अनुभूतम् (anubhūtam) - personally experienced (experienced, perceived)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what, that)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (Bhishma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

From root "bhī" (to fear)

Note: Subject of "uvāca"

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form of "vac"

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active

Root śru, 5th class verb

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhishthira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

-an stem noun

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (attentive, absorbed, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, absorbed, careful, prepared, placed down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ava-dhā (to pay attention) + kta

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the listener

बहुकारणविस्तरम् (bahukāraṇavistaram) - the detailed explanation of many reasons (the extensive details of many reasons, an elaborate explanation of many causes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahukāraṇavistara

bahukāraṇavistara - extensive explanation of many causes/reasons

Tatpurusha compound: bahu-kāraṇa (many reasons) + vistara (extensive explanation)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+kāraṇa+vistara)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root "kṛ" (to do) + ana suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vistara – expansion, detail, extensive explanation
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-stṛ (to spread out)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of "śṛṇu"

जातरूपसमुत्पत्तिम् (jātarūpasamutpattim) - the origin of gold (jātarūpa) (the origin of gold)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jātarūpasamutpatti

jātarūpasamutpatti - origin/birth of gold (jātarūpa)

Tatpurusha compound: jātarūpa (gold) + samutpatti (origin)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jātarūpa+samutpatti)

• jātarūpa – gold, born form
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: jāta (born) + rūpa (form). Often refers to gold
  Root: jan (class 4)
• samutpatti – origin, birth, production
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-ud-pad (to arise, originate) + ti
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of "śṛṇu"

अनुभूतम् (anubhūtam) - personally experienced (experienced, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anubhūta

anubhūta - experienced, felt, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From anu-bhū (to experience) + kta

Prefix: anu

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the origin of gold

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun

Note: Agent of the passive participle "anubhūtam"