महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-83, verse-13

ततोऽग्रतस्तपःसिद्धानुपवेश्य बहूनृषीन् ।
तोयप्रदानात्प्रभृति कार्याण्यहमथारभम् ॥१३॥

13. tato'gratastapaḥsiddhānupaveśya bahūnṛṣīn ,
toyapradānātprabhṛti kāryāṇyahamathārabham.

13. tataḥ agrataḥ tapaḥsiddhān upaveśya bahūn ṛṣīn
toyapradānāt prabhṛti kāryāṇi aham atha ārabham

13. tataḥ agrataḥ bahūn tapaḥsiddhān ṛṣīn upaveśya
aham atha toyapradānāt prabhṛti kāryāṇi ārabham

13. Then, having seated many accomplished sages (tapaḥsiddha ṛṣi) in front, I began the tasks, starting from the water offering (toyapradāna).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, at the head

• तपःसिद्धान् (tapaḥsiddhān) - accomplished through austerity, perfected by penance

• उपवेश्य (upaveśya) - having caused (sages) to sit (having seated, causing to sit)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

• तोयप्रदानात् (toyapradānāt) - from the offering of water

• प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - beginning with, from, onwards

• कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - tasks, duties, rituals

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• आरभम् (ārabham) - I began, I commenced

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

Ablative case of the pronominal stem 'tad' used as an indeclinable

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, at the head

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'agra' (front) + 'tasi' suffix

तपःसिद्धान् (tapaḥsiddhān) - accomplished through austerity, perfected by penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tapaḥsiddha

tapaḥsiddha - perfected by asceticism/austerity

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+siddha)

• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• siddha – accomplished, perfected, successful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √sidh (to accomplish, succeed)
  Root: sidh (class 4)

उपवेश्य (upaveśya) - having caused (sages) to sit (having seated, causing to sit)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Derived from upa-√viś (to enter, sit) + -ya suffix, causative meaning implied by context (seating others)

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

तोयप्रदानात् (toyapradānāt) - from the offering of water

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of toyapradāna

toyapradāna - offering of water

Compound type : tatpurusha (toya+pradāna)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• pradāna – giving, offering, donation
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from pra-√dā (to give)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - beginning with, from, onwards

(indeclinable)

Often used with an ablative noun, meaning 'from (that point) onwards'

कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - tasks, duties, rituals

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, task, ritual

Gerundive

Derived from √kṛ (to do) + -ya suffix, meaning 'what is to be done'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

First person singular nominative form

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

आरभम् (ārabham) - I began, I commenced

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-rabh

Imperfect Tense

First person singular, Parasmaipada, Imperfect Tense, from ā-√rabh

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)