महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-127, verse-48

हस्ते चैतत्पिनाकं ते सततं केन तिष्ठति ।
जटिलो ब्रह्मचारी च किमर्थमसि नित्यदा ॥४८॥

48. haste caitatpinākaṁ te satataṁ kena tiṣṭhati ,
jaṭilo brahmacārī ca kimarthamasi nityadā.

48. haste ca etat pinākam te satatam kena tiṣṭhati
| jaṭilaḥ brahmacārī ca kim-artham asi nityadā

48. kena ca etat pinākam te haste satatam tiṣṭhati
kim-artham ca nityadā jaṭilaḥ brahmacārī asi

48. And by what means does this Pināka bow constantly remain in your hand? And for what reason are you always a matted-haired celibate (brahmacārī)?

Words meanings summery:

• हस्ते (haste) - in your hand (in the hand)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• पिनाकम् (pinākam) - Pināka (bow) (Pināka (Shiva's bow), a trident)

• ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly (always, constantly, continuously)

• केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what means)

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains (stands, remains, stays)

• जटिलः (jaṭilaḥ) - matted-haired (matted-haired, having dreadlocks)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate (student) (a celibate student, one who practices continence and studies the Vedas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• किम्-अर्थम् (kim-artham) - for what reason (for what purpose, why, for what reason)

• असि (asi) - you are

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - always (always, constantly)

Words meanings and morphology

हस्ते (haste) - in your hand (in the hand)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand, trunk (of an elephant)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, modifying 'pinākam'.

पिनाकम् (pinākam) - Pināka (bow) (Pināka (Shiva's bow), a trident)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pināka

pināka - Shiva's bow, a trident, a staff

Note: Subject of 'tiṣṭhati'.

ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic pronoun, here functioning as genitive (your).

सततम् (satatam) - constantly (always, constantly, continuously)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satata

satata - always, constant, continuous, eternal

Note: Adverbial usage of the accusative neuter singular of the adjective 'satata'.

केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what means)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - remains (stands, remains, stays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of sthā

Present Active

Present tense 3rd person singular active of root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

जटिलः (jaṭilaḥ) - matted-haired (matted-haired, having dreadlocks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭila

jaṭila - having matted hair, wearing dreadlocks

Derived from 'jaṭā' (matted hair) with suffix '-ila'.

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject 'tvam' (you).

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate (student) (a celibate student, one who practices continence and studies the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - a celibate student, one who studies the Vedas and lives a disciplined life (brahmacarya)

From 'brahman' (sacred knowledge, Vedas, ultimate reality) and 'cārin' (one who practices/moves).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred word, Veda, ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – moving, going, practicing, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'car' (to move, to practice) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for the implied subject 'tvam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

किम्-अर्थम् (kim-artham) - for what reason (for what purpose, why, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, reason
  noun (masculine)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active

Present tense 2nd person singular active of root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Connects the subject (implied 'tvam') with its predicates.

नित्यदा (nityadā) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

From 'nitya' (eternal, constant) + suffix '-dā' (indicating time).

Note: Adverbial use.