महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-127, verse-46

उमोवाच ।
भगवन्केन ते वक्त्रं चन्द्रवत्प्रियदर्शनम् ।
पूर्वं तथैव श्रीकान्तमुत्तरं पश्चिमं तथा ॥४६॥

46. umovāca ,
bhagavankena te vaktraṁ candravatpriyadarśanam ,
pūrvaṁ tathaiva śrīkāntamuttaraṁ paścimaṁ tathā.

46. umā uvāca | bhagavan kena te vaktram candra-vat priya-darśanam
| pūrvam tathā eva śrī-kāntam uttaram paścimam tathā

46. umā uvāca bhagavan kena te vaktram candra-vat priya-darśanam
tathā eva pūrvam śrī-kāntam uttaram paścimam tathā

46. Umā spoke: 'O revered one, by what means is your face as pleasing to behold as the moon? And how, similarly, are your eastern, northern, and western faces so glorious?'

Words meanings summery:

• उमा (umā) - Umā (Uma (name of goddess Parvati))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (O revered one, O Lord, possessing fortune)

• केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what means)

• ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your)

• वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - face (face, mouth)

• चन्द्र-वत् (candra-vat) - as the moon (like the moon, moon-like)

• प्रिय-दर्शनम् (priya-darśanam) - pleasing to behold (pleasant to behold, lovely appearance)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - eastern (face) (eastern, former, prior)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just)

• श्री-कान्तम् (śrī-kāntam) - glorious (glorious, beautiful, resplendent)

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (face) (northern, later, superior)

• पश्चिमम् (paścimam) - western (face) (western, last)

• तथा (tathā) - and so (so, thus, in that manner)

Words meanings and morphology

उमा (umā) - Umā (Uma (name of goddess Parvati))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Umā (name of Parvati)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (O revered one, O Lord, possessing fortune)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, revered; Lord

Note: Term of address for a divine or revered person.

केन (kena) - by what means (by whom, by what means)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

ते (te) - your (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic pronoun, here functioning as genitive (your).

वक्त्रम् (vaktram) - face (face, mouth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktra

vaktra - face, mouth, snout

चन्द्र-वत् (candra-vat) - as the moon (like the moon, moon-like)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat (like, possessing) added to 'candra' (moon).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+vat)

• candra – moon, luminous, shining
  noun (masculine)
• vat – like, similar to, possessing
  suffix
  Indeclinable suffix denoting similarity or possession.

Note: Adverbial use.

प्रिय-दर्शनम् (priya-darśanam) - pleasing to behold (pleasant to behold, lovely appearance)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya-darśana

priya-darśana - pleasant to behold, lovely appearance, beautiful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (priya+darśana)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – sight, appearance, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) + 'lyuṭ'.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vaktram'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - eastern (face) (eastern, former, prior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - eastern, former, prior, first

Note: Implied 'face' as the noun it modifies.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tathā'; 'tathaiva' means 'just so, similarly'.

श्री-कान्तम् (śrī-kāntam) - glorious (glorious, beautiful, resplendent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrī-kānta

śrī-kānta - beloved of Śrī (Lakṣmī); glorious, beautiful, charming

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrī+kānta)

• śrī – splendor, glory, wealth, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī
  noun (feminine)
• kānta – desired, beloved, beautiful, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kam' (to desire) + 'kta'.
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied 'face'.

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (face) (northern, later, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, later, subsequent, superior

Note: Implied 'face' as the noun it modifies.

पश्चिमम् (paścimam) - western (face) (western, last)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paścima

paścima - western, last, hindmost

Note: Implied 'face' as the noun it modifies.

तथा (tathā) - and so (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect the last item in a list, like 'and'.