महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-328, verse-10

गौणानि तत्र नामानि कर्मजानि च कानिचित् ।
निरुक्तं कर्मजानां च शृणुष्व प्रयतोऽनघ ।
कथ्यमानं मया तात त्वं हि मेऽर्धं स्मृतः पुरा ॥१०॥

10. gauṇāni tatra nāmāni karmajāni ca kānicit ,
niruktaṁ karmajānāṁ ca śṛṇuṣva prayato'nagha ,
kathyamānaṁ mayā tāta tvaṁ hi me'rdhaṁ smṛtaḥ purā.

10. gauṇāni tatra nāmāni karmajāni ca
kānicit niruktaṃ karmajānām ca śṛṇuṣva
prayataḥ anagha kathyamānaṃ mayā
tāta tvaṃ hi me ardhaṃ smṛtaḥ purā

10. tatra nāmāni kānicit gauṇāni ca kānicit karmajāni anagha,
mayā kathyamānaṃ karmajānām niruktaṃ ca prayataḥ śṛṇuṣva tāta,
hi tvaṃ purā me ardhaṃ smṛtaḥ

10. Among those names, some are secondary (descriptive), and some are derived from deeds. Now listen attentively, O sinless one, to the explanation of these names that are derived from deeds, as I narrate them, my dear child. For you are indeed remembered by me as half (of my own being) from ancient times.

Words meanings summery:

• गौणानि (gauṇāni) - secondary, descriptive (derived from qualities or attributes) (secondary, qualitative, derived from qualities)

• तत्र (tatra) - among those (names) (there, in that place, among those)

• नामानि (nāmāni) - names (names, appellations)

• कर्मजानि (karmajāni) - derived from deeds (born of actions, produced by actions)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कानिचित् (kānicit) - some (some, any)

• निरुक्तम् (niruktam) - the explanation/etymology (explained, interpreted, etymological explanation)

• कर्मजानाम् (karmajānām) - of those names derived from deeds (of those born from actions, of actions)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen (with attention) (listen, hear)

• प्रयतः (prayataḥ) - attentive, focused (attentive, self-controlled, pure)

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (vocative for Arjuna) (sinless, faultless, O sinless one)

• कथ्यमानम् (kathyamānam) - as I recount them (being told, being narrated)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तात (tāta) - my dear child (vocative for Arjuna) (O father, O child, my dear)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

• मे (me) - by me, of me (to me, for me, of me, my)

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half (of my being) (half, part, side)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - are remembered (as) (remembered, considered, known)

• पुरा (purā) - from ancient times (formerly, anciently, long ago)

Words meanings and morphology

गौणानि (gauṇāni) - secondary, descriptive (derived from qualities or attributes) (secondary, qualitative, derived from qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of gauṇa

gauṇa - secondary, subordinate, qualitative, derived from qualities (guṇa)

Derived from guṇa with the suffix -a.

Note: Agrees with 'nāmāni'.

तत्र (tatra) - among those (names) (there, in that place, among those)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned names.

नामानि (nāmāni) - names (names, appellations)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

कर्मजानि (karmajāni) - derived from deeds (born of actions, produced by actions)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of karmaja

karmaja - born from (karma) (karma), produced by actions or deeds

Derived from karma + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+ja)

• karma – action, deed, work, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ja from √jan.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'nāmāni' (implied).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कानिचित् (kānicit) - some (some, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kānicit

kānicit - some, any

Compound of kiṃ (what, which) + cit (indefinite particle).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cit)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• cit – an indefinite particle; used to denote 'some' or 'any'
  indeclinable

Note: Functions as an adjective here, referring to 'nāmāni'.

निरुक्तम् (niruktam) - the explanation/etymology (explained, interpreted, etymological explanation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirukta

nirukta - explained, interpreted; etymological interpretation, glossary, derivation

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-√vac.

Prefix: ni

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇuṣva'.

कर्मजानाम् (karmajānām) - of those names derived from deeds (of those born from actions, of actions)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karmaja

karmaja - born from (karma) (karma), produced by actions or deeds

Derived from karma + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+ja)

• karma – action, deed, work, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ja from √jan.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'nāmānām' (implied 'of names').

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen (with attention) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of śru

Imperative, middle voice, 2nd person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

प्रयतः (prayataḥ) - attentive, focused (attentive, self-controlled, pure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayata

prayata - controlled, self-restrained, attentive, pure

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√yat.

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'Arjuna'.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (vocative for Arjuna) (sinless, faultless, O sinless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Negative compound (na + agha).

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (na+agha)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• agha – evil, sin, distress, misfortune
  noun (neuter)

कथ्यमानम् (kathyamānam) - as I recount them (being told, being narrated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kathyamāna

kathyamāna - being told, being narrated, being recounted

Present Passive Participle

Derived from √kath (to tell, narrate) with the suffix -māna.

Root: kath (class 10)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, ego

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

तात (tāta) - my dear child (vocative for Arjuna) (O father, O child, my dear)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father (respectful address); dear one, child (affectionate address)

Note: Affectionate address to Arjuna.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - by me, of me (to me, for me, of me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, ego

Note: Here functions as instrumental (by me) with 'smṛtaḥ'.

अर्धम् (ardham) - half (of my being) (half, part, side)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, portion, side

Note: Predicate accusative.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - are remembered (as) (remembered, considered, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, known as

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √smṛ.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a passive verb.

पुरा (purā) - from ancient times (formerly, anciently, long ago)

(indeclinable)