महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-8

एवं तद्ब्राह्मणैः क्षत्रं क्षत्रियासु तपस्विभिः ।
जातमृध्यत धर्मेण सुदीर्घेणायुषान्वितम् ।
चत्वारोऽपि तदा वर्णा बभूवुर्ब्राह्मणोत्तराः ॥८॥

8. evaṁ tadbrāhmaṇaiḥ kṣatraṁ kṣatriyāsu tapasvibhiḥ ,
jātamṛdhyata dharmeṇa sudīrgheṇāyuṣānvitam ,
catvāro'pi tadā varṇā babhūvurbrāhmaṇottarāḥ.

8. evam tat brāhmaṇaiḥ kṣatram kṣatriyāsu
tapasvibhiḥ jātam ṛdhyata dharmeṇa
sudīrgheṇa āyuṣā anvitam catvāraḥ
api tadā varṇāḥ babhūvuḥ brāhmaṇottarāḥ

8. In this way, that Kṣatriya class, born from the ascetic Brāhmaṇas and Kṣatriya women, prospered righteously and was endowed with a very long life. At that time, all four social classes had Brāhmaṇas as their chief.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - In this way (thus, in this manner)

• तत् (tat) - that (Kṣatriya class) (that (neuter))

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by the Brāhmaṇas (by brahmins)

• क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the Kṣatriya class (the kṣatriya class, dominion, power)

• क्षत्रियासु (kṣatriyāsu) - and Kṣatriya women (as source) (in kṣatriya women)

• तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by the ascetic (Brāhmaṇas) (by ascetics, by those engaged in penance)

• जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced)

• ऋध्यत (ṛdhyata) - prospered (it prospered, it grew)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously, through dharma (by righteousness, through dharma)

• सुदीर्घेण (sudīrgheṇa) - a very long (by very long)

• आयुषा (āyuṣā) - with a life-span (with life, by life-span)

• अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed with (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - all four (four)

• अपि (api) - all (four), even (also, even, too)

• तदा (tadā) - At that time (then, at that time)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (social classes, castes)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became (they became, they were)

• ब्राह्मणोत्तराः (brāhmaṇottarāḥ) - had Brāhmaṇas as their chief (having brahmins as chief/foremost)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - In this way (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

Note: Connective adverb.

तत् (tat) - that (Kṣatriya class) (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to kṣatram.

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by the Brāhmaṇas (by brahmins)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, pertaining to Brahman or Brahmā

From Brahman + aṇ

Note: Agent in the compound 'born of brahmins'.

क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the Kṣatriya class (the kṣatriya class, dominion, power)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - rule, power, dominion, warrior class

From root kṣi (to rule)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject of ṛdhyata.

क्षत्रियासु (kṣatriyāsu) - and Kṣatriya women (as source) (in kṣatriya women)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of kṣatriyā

kṣatriyā - a kṣatriya woman

Feminine form of kṣatriya

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Locative of place/source.

तपस्विभिः (tapasvibhiḥ) - by the ascetic (Brāhmaṇas) (by ascetics, by those engaged in penance)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, engaged in penance, performing austerities

From 'tapas' + 'vin' suffix

Note: Appositive to brāhmaṇaiḥ.

जातम् (jātam) - born (born, produced)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jan

jan - to be born, to be produced, to happen

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying kṣatram.

ऋध्यत (ṛdhyata) - prospered (it prospered, it grew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ṛdh

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Subject is kṣatram.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously, through dharma (by righteousness, through dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, moral merit, virtue, religion

From root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of prosperity.

सुदीर्घेण (sudīrgheṇa) - a very long (by very long)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, exceedingly long

Formed with intensive prefix 'su' from 'dīrgha'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  prefix/indeclinable
  Augmentative prefix.
• dīrgha – long, tall, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
  From root dṛh (to be firm)
  Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Modifies āyuṣā.

आयुषा (āyuṣā) - with a life-span (with life, by life-span)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, life-span, duration of life

From root i (to go, to live) + us suffix

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Instrument.

अन्वितम् (anvitam) - endowed with (accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anvita

anvi - to follow, to be accompanied by, to pursue

past passive participle

From anu + i (to go) + kta

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying kṣatram.

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - all four (four)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies varṇāḥ.

अपि (api) - all (four), even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

तदा (tadā) - At that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' + 'dā' suffix

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (social classes, castes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, class, caste, character, letter

From root vṛ (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of babhūvuḥ.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - became (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is varṇāḥ.

ब्राह्मणोत्तराः (brāhmaṇottarāḥ) - had Brāhmaṇas as their chief (having brahmins as chief/foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇottara

brāhmaṇottara - having brahmins as chief/foremost, dominated by brahmins

Compound type : bahuvrihi (brāhmaṇa+uttara)

• brāhmaṇa – a brahmin
  noun (masculine)
  From Brahman + aṇ
• uttara – upper, later, subsequent, chief, superior, excellent
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from ud (up)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Predicate adjective for varṇāḥ.