महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-21

कर्माणि च नरव्याघ्र धर्मोपेतानि मानवाः ।
धर्ममेवानुपश्यन्तश्चक्रुर्धर्मपरायणाः ॥२१॥

21. karmāṇi ca naravyāghra dharmopetāni mānavāḥ ,
dharmamevānupaśyantaścakrurdharmaparāyaṇāḥ.

21. karmāṇi ca naravyāghra dharma upetāni mānavāḥ
dharmam eva anupaśyantaḥ cakruḥ dharmaparāyaṇāḥ

21. O tiger among men, people who were devoted to righteousness and who saw only dharma, performed actions that were imbued with dharma.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (actions, deeds, works)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

• धर्म (dharma) - righteousness (righteousness, duty, law, virtue)

• उपेतानि (upetāni) - imbued with (endowed with, possessing, approached)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people (humans, people)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma, righteousness)

• एव (eva) - only, alone (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, following (seeing, observing, following)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they performed (they did, they performed)

• धर्मपरायणाः (dharmaparāyaṇāḥ) - truly devoted to dharma (devoted to dharma, whose highest aim is dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (actions, deeds, works)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

From root kṛ (to do) + man (suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Direct object of `cakruḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `karmāṇi` with the overall statement.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, hero

Compound: nara (man) + vyāghra (tiger). Often used as a simile.

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the listener.

धर्म (dharma) - righteousness (righteousness, duty, law, virtue)

(noun)

masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, religion, moral merit

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound `dharma-upetāni`.

उपेतानि (upetāni) - imbued with (endowed with, possessing, approached)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upeta

upeta - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with, approached, reached

past passive participle

From root i (to go) + prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: It forms the compound `dharmopetāni`, meaning 'imbued with dharma'. Qualifies `karmāṇi` (neuter plural accusative).

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people (humans, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

From Manu (first man) + a (suffix)

Note: Subject of `cakruḥ`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, religion, moral merit

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, alone (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `dharmam`.

अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, following (seeing, observing, following)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, seeing, looking after, following

present active participle

From root dṛś (to see) with prefix anu, form paśya. + śatṛ

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mānavāḥ` and `dharmaparāyaṇāḥ`.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they performed (they did, they performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Conjugated form of the root.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is `mānavāḥ`.

धर्मपरायणाः (dharmaparāyaṇāḥ) - truly devoted to dharma (devoted to dharma, whose highest aim is dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmaparāyaṇa

dharmaparāyaṇa - intent on duty, devoted to righteousness, whose highest aim is dharma

Compound: dharma (righteousness) + parāyaṇa (intent on, having as highest aim).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+parāyaṇa)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – final aim, chief object, devoted to, intent on
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  From para (other, highest) + ayana (going, course, resort)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate or attribute of `mānavāḥ`.