महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-21

कर्माणि च नरव्याघ्र धर्मोपेतानि मानवाः ।
धर्ममेवानुपश्यन्तश्चक्रुर्धर्मपरायणाः ॥२१॥

21. karmāṇi ca naravyāghra dharmopetāni mānavāḥ ,
dharmamevānupaśyantaścakrurdharmaparāyaṇāḥ.

21. karmāṇi ca naravyāghra dharma upetāni mānavāḥ
dharmam eva anupaśyantaḥ cakruḥ dharmaparāyaṇāḥ

21. O tiger among men, people who were devoted to righteousness and who saw only dharma, performed actions that were imbued with dharma.

21. הו נמר בין בני האדם, האנשים, שהקדישו עצמם לדרך היושר, ראו רק אותה לנגד עיניהם ועשו מעשים הראויים לה.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (actions, deeds, works)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

• धर्म (dharma) - righteousness (righteousness, duty, law, virtue)

• उपेतानि (upetāni) - imbued with (endowed with, possessing, approached)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people (humans, people)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma, righteousness)

• एव (eva) - only, alone (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, following (seeing, observing, following)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they performed (they did, they performed)

• धर्मपरायणाः (dharmaparāyaṇāḥ) - truly devoted to dharma (devoted to dharma, whose highest aim is dharma)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (actions, deeds, works)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

From root kṛ (to do) + man (suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Direct object of `cakruḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `karmāṇi` with the overall statement.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, hero

Compound: nara (man) + vyāghra (tiger). Often used as a simile.

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the listener.

धर्म (dharma) - righteousness (righteousness, duty, law, virtue)

(noun)

masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, religion, moral merit

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound `dharma-upetāni`.

उपेतानि (upetāni) - imbued with (endowed with, possessing, approached)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upeta

upeta - endowed with, possessed of, furnished with, approached, reached

past passive participle

From root i (to go) + prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: It forms the compound `dharmopetāni`, meaning 'imbued with dharma'. Qualifies `karmāṇi` (neuter plural accusative).

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - people (humans, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

From Manu (first man) + a (suffix)

Note: Subject of `cakruḥ`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, religion, moral merit

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, alone (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `dharmam`.

अनुपश्यन्तः (anupaśyantaḥ) - observing, following (seeing, observing, following)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anupaśyat

anupaśyat - observing, seeing, looking after, following

present active participle

From root dṛś (to see) with prefix anu, form paśya. + śatṛ

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mānavāḥ` and `dharmaparāyaṇāḥ`.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they performed (they did, they performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Conjugated form of the root.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is `mānavāḥ`.

धर्मपरायणाः (dharmaparāyaṇāḥ) - truly devoted to dharma (devoted to dharma, whose highest aim is dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmaparāyaṇa

dharmaparāyaṇa - intent on duty, devoted to righteousness, whose highest aim is dharma

Compound: dharma (righteousness) + parāyaṇa (intent on, having as highest aim).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+parāyaṇa)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – final aim, chief object, devoted to, intent on
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  From para (other, highest) + ayana (going, course, resort)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate or attribute of `mānavāḥ`.

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