महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-22

स्वकर्मनिरताश्चासन्सर्वे वर्णा नराधिप ।
एवं तदा नरव्याघ्र धर्मो न ह्रसते क्वचित् ॥२२॥

22. svakarmaniratāścāsansarve varṇā narādhipa ,
evaṁ tadā naravyāghra dharmo na hrasate kvacit.

22. svakarmaniratāḥ ca āsan sarve varṇāḥ narādhipa
evam tadā naravyāghra dharmaḥ na hrasate kvacit

22. O lord of men, O tiger among men, all the social classes were engaged in their own respective duties. Thus, at that time, dharma never diminished, not even slightly.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - engaged in their own respective duties (engaged in their own duties)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (castes, social classes)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O king)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, righteousness (righteousness, duty)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ह्रसते (hrasate) - diminished (decreases, diminishes)

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, at all (anywhere, ever, at all, sometimes)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वकर्मनिरताः (svakarmaniratāḥ) - engaged in their own respective duties (engaged in their own duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svakarmanirata

svakarmanirata - engaged in one's own duties, devoted to one's own work

Compound: sva (own) + karman (duty) + nirata (engaged, devoted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karman+nirata)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• karman – action, deed, duty, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• nirata – engaged in, devoted to, absorbed in
  past passive participle (or adjective) (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root ram (to delight, to rest) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `varṇāḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this verse to previous virtues.

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Conjugated form of the root.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject is `varṇāḥ`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (castes, social classes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, caste, class, letter, quality

From root vṛ (to cover, to choose) + na (suffix)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of `āsan`.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (O lord of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound: nara (man) + adhipa (ruler, lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, chief
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root pā (to protect, govern) with prefix adhi.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: An address to the listener.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the consequence.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from tad (that)

Note: Refers to the time of the righteous rule.

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men (O tiger among men (epithet for a hero/king))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, hero

Compound: nara (man) + vyāghra (tiger). Often used as a simile.

Compound type : upamita-samāsa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the listener.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma, righteousness (righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, custom, religion, moral merit

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `hrasate`.

ह्रसते (hrasate) - diminished (decreases, diminishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of hras

Conjugated form of the root.

Root: hras (class 1)

Note: Subject is `dharmaḥ`.

क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, at all (anywhere, ever, at all, sometimes)

(indeclinable)

From kva (where) + cit (indefinite particle)