महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-12

प्रशासति पुनः क्षत्रे धर्मेणेमां वसुंधराम् ।
ब्राह्मणाद्यास्तदा वर्णा लेभिरे मुदमुत्तमाम् ॥१२॥

12. praśāsati punaḥ kṣatre dharmeṇemāṁ vasuṁdharām ,
brāhmaṇādyāstadā varṇā lebhire mudamuttamām.

12. praśāsati punaḥ kṣatre dharmeṇa imām vasuṃdharām
brāhmaṇa ādyāḥ tadā varṇāḥ lebhire mudam uttamām

12. When the Kshatriya power again ruled this earth righteously, then the social classes, beginning with the Brahmins, attained supreme joy.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling (in a locative absolute construction) (when ruling, while governing)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

• क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - when the Kshatriya power (was ruling) (in the Kshatriya power, by the Kshatriya class)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, righteously)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (earth) (this (feminine singular accusative))

• वसुंधराम् (vasuṁdharām) - the earth (the earth, bearer of wealth)

• ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - Brahmins (as part of social classes) (a Brahmin)

• आद्याः (ādyāḥ) - and others, etc. (beginning with, and so on)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (classes, colors, letters)

• लेभिरे (lebhire) - they attained (they obtained, gained, received)

• मुदम् (mudam) - joy (joy, delight, pleasure)

• उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - supreme (supreme, excellent, highest)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling (in a locative absolute construction) (when ruling, while governing)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of śās

śās - to rule, govern, command, instruct

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Present active participle, masculine singular locative.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: The 'r' of 'punar' becomes 'ḥ' at the end of a word.

क्षत्रे (kṣatre) - when the Kshatriya power (was ruling) (in the Kshatriya power, by the Kshatriya class)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - rule, dominion, power, Kshatriya class

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction with 'praśāsati'.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, righteously)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

इमाम् (imām) - this (earth) (this (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

वसुंधराम् (vasuṁdharām) - the earth (the earth, bearer of wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasuṃdharā

vasuṁdharā - earth (literally 'wealth-bearing'), ground

agent noun

from vasu (wealth) + dhṛ (to bear)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vasu+dharā)

• vasu – wealth, treasure, good, excellent
  noun (neuter)
• dharā – bearing, holding, the earth
  noun (feminine)
  agent noun
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'praśāsati'.

ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - Brahmins (as part of social classes) (a Brahmin)

(noun)

masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, relating to Brahman

Note: First part of the compound 'brāhmaṇādyāḥ'.

आद्याः (ādyāḥ) - and others, etc. (beginning with, and so on)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ādi

ādi - beginning, commencement, etc., and others

Note: Used in 'brāhmaṇādyāḥ' to mean 'Brahmins and so on'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (classes, colors, letters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, appearance, caste, social class, letter

Note: Subject of 'lebhire'.

लेभिरे (lebhire) - they attained (they obtained, gained, received)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Root 'labh' is ātmanepada (middle voice).

मुदम् (mudam) - joy (joy, delight, pleasure)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, happiness

Note: Object of 'lebhire'.

उत्तमाम् (uttamām) - supreme (supreme, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Note: Modifies 'mudam'.