महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-10

ततोऽवर्धन्त धर्मेण सहस्रशतजीविनः ।
ताः प्रजाः पृथिवीपाल धर्मव्रतपरायणाः ।
आधिभिर्व्याधिभिश्चैव विमुक्ताः सर्वशो नराः ॥१०॥

10. tato'vardhanta dharmeṇa sahasraśatajīvinaḥ ,
tāḥ prajāḥ pṛthivīpāla dharmavrataparāyaṇāḥ ,
ādhibhirvyādhibhiścaiva vimuktāḥ sarvaśo narāḥ.

10. tataḥ avardhanta dharmeṇa
sahasraśatajīvinaḥ tāḥ prajāḥ pṛthivīpāla
dharmavrataparāyaṇāḥ ādhibhiḥ
vyādhibhiḥ ca eva vimuktāḥ sarvaśaḥ narāḥ

10. O protector of the earth, thereupon, those subjects, devoted to righteous vows, prospered and lived for a hundred thousand years. People were completely freed from all mental afflictions and physical diseases.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (from that, then, thereupon)

• अवर्धन्त (avardhanta) - they prospered and grew (they increased, grew, prospered)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously, by following dharma (by dharma, by righteousness, righteously)

• सहस्रशतजीविनः (sahasraśatajīvinaḥ) - living for a hundred thousand years (long-lived) (those living for a hundred thousand (years))

• ताः (tāḥ) - those (subjects) (those)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, progeny, people)

• पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - O protector of the earth (vocative) (O protector of the earth, O king)

• धर्मव्रतपरायणाः (dharmavrataparāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to righteous vows (devoted to vows of righteousness, intent on righteous conduct)

• आधिभिः (ādhibhiḥ) - by mental afflictions (by mental anxieties, afflictions)

• व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by physical diseases (by diseases, ailments)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (only, just, indeed)

• विमुक्ताः (vimuktāḥ) - completely freed (released, freed)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely (entirely, completely, in every way)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (from that, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya (indeclinable word).

अवर्धन्त (avardhanta) - they prospered and grew (they increased, grew, prospered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Root vṛdh is ātmanepada (middle voice).

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - righteously, by following dharma (by dharma, by righteousness, righteously)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

सहस्रशतजीविनः (sahasraśatajīvinaḥ) - living for a hundred thousand years (long-lived) (those living for a hundred thousand (years))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahasraśatajīvin

sahasraśatajīvin - living for a hundred thousand (years)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasraśata+jīvin)

• sahasraśata – a hundred thousand
  noun (neuter)
• jīvin – living, alive, a living being
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root jīv
  Root: jīv (class 1)

ताः (tāḥ) - those (subjects) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (subjects, progeny, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

पृथिवीपाल (pṛthivīpāla) - O protector of the earth (vocative) (O protector of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, world
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root pā
  Root: pā (class 2)

धर्मव्रतपरायणाः (dharmavrataparāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to righteous vows (devoted to vows of righteousness, intent on righteous conduct)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dharmavrataparāyaṇa

dharmavrataparāyaṇa - devoted to vows of righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharmavrata+parāyaṇa)

• dharmavrata – vow of righteousness, religious observance
  noun (neuter)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate goal, devoted to, intent on
  adjective

आधिभिः (ādhibhiḥ) - by mental afflictions (by mental anxieties, afflictions)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ādhi

ādhi - mental pain, anxiety, distress

व्याधिभिः (vyādhibhiḥ) - by physical diseases (by diseases, ailments)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vyādhi

vyādhi - disease, sickness, ailment

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, even (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विमुक्ताः (vimuktāḥ) - completely freed (released, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimukta

vimukta - freed, released, liberated

past passive participle

from root muc with prefix vi

Root: muc (class 6)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely (entirely, completely, in every way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Formed with suffix 'śas' indicating 'in every way'.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'vimuktāḥ'.