महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-58, verse-19

कारयन्तः कृषिं गोभिस्तथा वैश्याः क्षिताविह ।
न गामयुञ्जन्त धुरि कृशाङ्गाश्चाप्यजीवयन् ॥१९॥

19. kārayantaḥ kṛṣiṁ gobhistathā vaiśyāḥ kṣitāviha ,
na gāmayuñjanta dhuri kṛśāṅgāścāpyajīvayan.

19. kārayantaḥ kṛṣim gobhiḥ tathā vaiśyāḥ kṣitau iha
na gām ayuñjanta dhuri kṛśāṅgāḥ ca api ajīvayan

19. Here on earth, the Vaiśyas, who performed agriculture with cattle, did not yoke weak-bodied animals to the burden, and they certainly sustained them.

Words meanings summery:

• कारयन्तः (kārayantaḥ) - performing (agriculture) (causing to act, performing)

• कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture (agriculture, farming)

• गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - with (the help of) oxen (with cows/oxen)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, similarly, and)

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas (Vaiśyas (members of the merchant/farmer class))

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on earth, in the world (on the earth, in the land)

• इह (iha) - here (on earth) (here, in this world)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गाम् (gām) - an ox (or animal) (cow, ox)

• अयुञ्जन्त (ayuñjanta) - they yoked (they yoked, they joined (imperfect))

• धुरि (dhuri) - to the yoke (of a plow) (in the burden, in the yoke)

• कृशाङ्गाः (kṛśāṅgāḥ) - weak-bodied (animals) (those with weak/emaciated bodies)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - indeed, also (also, even, indeed)

• अजीवयन् (ajīvayan) - they sustained (them) (they caused to live, they maintained, they sustained)

Words meanings and morphology

कारयन्तः (kārayantaḥ) - performing (agriculture) (causing to act, performing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kārayat

kārayat - causing to do, performing

present active participle (causative)

From root kṛ (to do) + ṇic (causative) + śatṛ (present participle suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृषिम् (kṛṣim) - agriculture (agriculture, farming)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣi

kṛṣi - agriculture, plowing, cultivation

From root kṛṣ (to plow) + i (suffix)

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

गोभिः (gobhiḥ) - with (the help of) oxen (with cows/oxen)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine/feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, similarly, and)

(indeclinable)

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas (Vaiśyas (members of the merchant/farmer class))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the third of the four chief castes (trader, agriculturist)

From viś (people, settlement) + ya (suffix)

Note: Refers to the collective class.

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on earth, in the world (on the earth, in the land)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, land, ground, abode

From root kṣi (to dwell) + ti (suffix)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

इह (iha) - here (on earth) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - an ox (or animal) (cow, ox)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Accusative form of go.

अयुञ्जन्त (ayuñjanta) - they yoked (they yoked, they joined (imperfect))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yuj

Conjugated form of the root.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: With `na`, 'they did not yoke'.

धुरि (dhuri) - to the yoke (of a plow) (in the burden, in the yoke)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - burden, load, yoke, responsibility

कृशाङ्गाः (kṛśāṅgāḥ) - weak-bodied (animals) (those with weak/emaciated bodies)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of kṛśāṅga

kṛśāṅga - weak-bodied, emaciated, lean

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛśa+aṅga)

• kṛśa – thin, emaciated, lean, weak
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• aṅga – limb, body, part, member
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective referring to cattle, grammatically nominative plural, but contextually functions as accusative plural object of `ajīvayan`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - indeed, also (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अजीवयन् (ajīvayan) - they sustained (them) (they caused to live, they maintained, they sustained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of jīvay

causative

Causative form of root jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject is `vaiśyāḥ`.