महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-189, verse-2

ततो यमो दीक्षितस्तत्र राजन्नामारयत्किंचिदपि प्रजाभ्यः ।
ततः प्रजास्ता बहुला बभूवुः कालातिपातान्मरणात्प्रहीणाः ॥२॥

2. tato yamo dīkṣitastatra rāja;nnāmārayatkiṁcidapi prajābhyaḥ ,
tataḥ prajāstā bahulā babhūvuḥ; kālātipātānmaraṇātprahīṇāḥ.

2. tataḥ yamaḥ dīkṣitaḥ tatra rājan
na amārayat kiñcit api prajābhyaḥ
tataḥ prajāḥ tāḥ bahulāḥ babhūvuḥ
kālātipātāt maraṇāt prahīṇāḥ

2. Then, O King, Yama, having been consecrated there, did not kill anything from the subjects. Consequently, those numerous subjects became abundant, freed from death due to the passage of time.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death)

• दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - consecrated for the ritual (consecrated, initiated, dedicated)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• न (na) - not

• अमारयत् (amārayat) - he did not kill, he did not cause to die

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• प्रजाभ्यः (prajābhyaḥ) - from the subjects/people, for the subjects/people

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, consequently, therefore

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, creatures

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - numerous, abundant, many

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

• कालातिपातात् (kālātipātāt) - from the passage of time, due to the lapse of time

• मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death

• प्रहीणाः (prahīṇāḥ) - freed from death (deprived of, freed from, abandoned)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama, the god of death and justice, restraint, control

Root: yam (class 1)

दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - consecrated for the ritual (consecrated, initiated, dedicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīkṣita

dīkṣita - consecrated, initiated, prepared for a solemn ceremony or sacrifice

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √dīkṣ (to consecrate) with -ta suffix

Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अमारयत् (amārayat) - he did not kill, he did not cause to die

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √mṛ

Causative, Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

Causative form mārayati 'causes to die, kills'.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, a little

(indeclinable)

Note: Also functions as a pronoun (nom/acc sg neuter)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

प्रजाभ्यः (prajābhyaḥ) - from the subjects/people, for the subjects/people

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people, creation

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Could also be dative plural.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, consequently, therefore

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, creatures

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people, creation

Root: jan (class 4)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - numerous, abundant, many

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahula

bahula - numerous, abundant, frequent, copious

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √bhū

Perfect tense (Lit)

Root: bhū (class 1)

कालातिपातात् (kālātipātāt) - from the passage of time, due to the lapse of time

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kālātipāta

kālātipāta - passage of time, lapse of time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+atipāta)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• atipāta – passing over, lapse, transgression
  noun (masculine)

मरणात् (maraṇāt) - from death

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, decease

Derived from root √mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

प्रहीणाः (prahīṇāḥ) - freed from death (deprived of, freed from, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prahīṇa

prahīṇa - deprived, abandoned, lost, ceased, freed from

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pra-√hā (to abandon, to quit)

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)