महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-189, verse-12

तदद्भुतं प्रेक्ष्य वज्री तदानीमपृच्छत्तां योषितमन्तिकाद्वै ।
का त्वं कथं रोदिषि कस्य हेतोर्वाक्यं तथ्यं कामयेह ब्रवीहि ॥१२॥

12. tadadbhutaṁ prekṣya vajrī tadānī;mapṛcchattāṁ yoṣitamantikādvai ,
kā tvaṁ kathaṁ rodiṣi kasya heto;rvākyaṁ tathyaṁ kāmayeha bravīhi.

12. tat adbhutam prekṣya vajrī tadānīm
apṛcchat tām yoṣitam antikāt vai
kā tvam katham rodiṣi kasya hetoḥ
vākyam tathyām kāmaye iha bravīhi

12. Seeing that marvel, the thunderbolt-wielder (Indra) then indeed asked that woman from close by, "Who are you? Why do you cry? For what reason? I wish for the truth (vākyam tathyām), tell it here."

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a marvel, a wonder, wonderful

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

• वज्री (vajrī) - the thunderbolt-wielder, Indra

• तदानीम् (tadānīm) - then, at that time

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

• ताम् (tām) - her, that

• योषितम् (yoṣitam) - the woman

• अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - from near, from close by

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• का (kā) - who (feminine)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you cry, you weep

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of what, for what

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of, on account of, reason

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement

• तथ्याम् (tathyām) - true, truthful

• कामये (kāmaye) - I desire, I wish for

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a marvel, a wonder, wonderful

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, marvelous

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with upasarga pra + ikṣ + lyap

Prefix: pra

Root: ikṣ (class 1)

वज्री (vajrī) - the thunderbolt-wielder, Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajrin

vajrin - thunderbolt-wielder, armed with a thunderbolt, Indra

Possessive suffix -in

तदानीम् (tadānīm) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pracch

Imperfect tense (Laṅ)

3rd person singular active

Root: pracch (class 6)

ताम् (tām) - her, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she

Note: Direct object of apṛcchat.

योषितम् (yoṣitam) - the woman

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yoṣit

yoṣit - woman, young woman

Note: Direct object of apṛcchat.

अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - from near, from close by

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

का (kā) - who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you cry, you weep

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rud

Present tense (Laṭ)

2nd person singular active

Root: rud (class 2)

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of what, for what

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of, on account of, reason

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

Root: hi (class 5)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Derived from vac + ya

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of kāmaye.

तथ्याम् (tathyām) - true, truthful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tathya

tathya - true, real, truthful

कामये (kāmaye) - I desire, I wish for

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kam

Present tense (Laṭ) middle voice

1st person singular middle voice, formed from causative root kāmayati

Root: kam (class 10)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood (Loṭ)

2nd person singular active

Root: brū (class 2)