योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-127, verse-43

दूरमुत्सहते राजा महासत्त्वो महापदि ।
अल्पसत्त्वो जनः शोचत्यल्पेऽपि हि परिक्षते ॥ ४३ ॥

dūramutsahate rājā mahāsattvo mahāpadi ,
alpasattvo janaḥ śocatyalpe'pi hi parikṣate 43

43. dūram utsahate rājā mahāsattvaḥ mahāpadi
alpasattvaḥ janaḥ śocati alpe api hi parikṣate

43. mahāsattvaḥ rājā mahāpadi dūram utsahate
alpasattvaḥ janaḥ alpe api hi parikṣate śocati ॥

43. A king possessing great courage (mahāsattva) strives effectively even in a great calamity. In contrast, a person of little courage (alpasattva) grieves even over a slight loss or injury.

Words meanings summery:

• दूरम् (dūram) - far, greatly, intensely

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives effectively (he exerts himself, strives, is able)

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• महासत्त्वः (mahāsattvaḥ) - possessing great courage (great-souled, having great strength/courage)

• महापदि (mahāpadi) - in a major calamity (in a great calamity)

• अल्पसत्त्वः (alpasattvaḥ) - of little courage (having little strength/courage)

• जनः (janaḥ) - a person, people

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

• अल्पे (alpe) - over a slight (loss) (in a small (calamity/loss))

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• परिक्षते (parikṣate) - in loss, in injury, in damage

Words meanings and morphology

दूरम् (dūram) - far, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage, meaning "greatly" or "intensely".

उत्सहते (utsahate) - strives effectively (he exerts himself, strives, is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

Present Tense

3rd person singular present tense (ātmanepada) of root sah with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of 'utsahate'.

महासत्त्वः (mahāsattvaḥ) - possessing great courage (great-souled, having great strength/courage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāsattva

mahāsattva - having great strength/courage, noble, great-souled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+sattva)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• sattva – being, essence, strength, courage, goodness
  noun (neuter)
  from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

महापदि (mahāpadi) - in a major calamity (in a great calamity)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahāpad

mahāpad - great calamity, great danger

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+pad)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• pad – calamity, misfortune, state, foot
  noun (feminine)

Note: Location/circumstance.

अल्पसत्त्वः (alpasattvaḥ) - of little courage (having little strength/courage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpasattva

alpasattva - having little strength/courage, weak, faint-hearted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+sattva)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective
• sattva – being, essence, strength, courage, goodness
  noun (neuter)
  from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'janaḥ'.

जनः (janaḥ) - a person, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'śocati'.

शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Tense

3rd person singular present tense (parasmaipada) of root śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

अल्पे (alpe) - over a slight (loss) (in a small (calamity/loss))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few

Note: Qualifies 'parikṣate'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'alpe'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or explanatory particle.

परिक्षते (parikṣate) - in loss, in injury, in damage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of parikṣata

parikṣata - loss, injury, damage, wound

Past Passive Participle

from pari- (around) + root kṣaṇ (to injure)

Prefix: pari

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative case indicating the circumstance of grieving.