योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-45, verse-30

तमसौ श्वपचो नागं कौतुकोद्धुरया दृशा ।
चिरमालोकयामास स्पन्दयुक्ताचलोपमम् ॥ ३० ॥

tamasau śvapaco nāgaṃ kautukoddhurayā dṛśā ,
ciramālokayāmāsa spandayuktācalopamam 30

30. tam asau śvapacaḥ nāgam kautukoddhurayā
dṛśā ciram ālokayāmāsa spandayuktācalopamam

30. asau śvapacaḥ kautukoddhurayā dṛśā ciram
tam nāgam spandayuktācalopamam ālokayāmāsa

30. That outcaste (śvapaca), with a gaze filled with curiosity and excitement, gazed for a long time upon the elephant, which resembled a trembling mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the elephant) (him, that)

• असौ (asau) - that outcaste (that (person), he)

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-eater, outcaste (śvapaca)

• नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (elephant, serpent)

• कौतुकोद्धुरया (kautukoddhurayā) - with curious excitement, with eager curiosity

• दृशा (dṛśā) - by/with a sight, by/with a gaze, by/with an eye

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

• आलोकयामास (ālokayāmāsa) - he gazed, he looked at

• स्पन्दयुक्ताचलोपमम् (spandayuktācalopamam) - like a trembling mountain

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the elephant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the elephant

असौ (asau) - that outcaste (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (far-off), yonder

Note: Subject of the verb 'ālokayāmāsa'

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-eater, outcaste (śvapaca)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-eater, an outcaste (śvapaca)

Compound 'śvan' (dog) + 'paca' (cook/eater)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+paca)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• paca – one who cooks/eats
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pac'
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'asau'

नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (elephant, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, cobra, elephant, a mountain, a specific tribe/people

Note: Object of 'ālokayāmāsa'

कौतुकोद्धुरया (kautukoddhurayā) - with curious excitement, with eager curiosity

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kautukoddhurā

kautukoddhurā - filled with curiosity and excitement

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kautuka+uddhura)

• kautuka – curiosity, eagerness, spectacle
  noun (neuter)
• uddhura – excessive, violent, excited
  adjective

दृशा (dṛśā) - by/with a sight, by/with a gaze, by/with an eye

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dṛś

dṛś - sight, eye, gaze, appearance

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

(indeclinable)

आलोकयामास (ālokayāmāsa) - he gazed, he looked at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ālokaya

Periphrastic Perfect

Intensive form of 'ā-lok' (root 'lok' with prefix 'ā'). Formed with 'ām' + 'ās' (auxiliary verb).

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

स्पन्दयुक्ताचलोपमम् (spandayuktācalopamam) - like a trembling mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of spandayuktācalopama

spandayuktācalopama - resembling a trembling mountain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (spanda-yukta+acala+upama)

• spanda-yukta – endowed with trembling, trembling
  adjective
  `spanda` (trembling) + `yukta` (joined, endowed with)
• acala – mountain, immobile
  noun (masculine)
  `a` (not) + `cala` (moving)
• upama – similar, resembling, comparison
  adjective
  From 'upa' + root 'mā'
  Prefix: upa