योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-22

अथ ब्रह्मा महाबुद्धिरन्यास्तास्तेजसः कलाः ।
अपाल्य यदसद्ब्रह्मा तरङ्गानिव सागरः ॥ २२ ॥

atha brahmā mahābuddhiranyāstāstejasaḥ kalāḥ ,
apālya yadasadbrahmā taraṅgāniva sāgaraḥ 22

22. atha brahmā mahābuddhiḥ anyāḥ tāḥ tejasaḥ kalāḥ
apālya yat asat brahmā taraṅgān iva sāgaraḥ

22. atha mahābuddhiḥ brahmā tejasaḥ anyāḥ tāḥ kalāḥ
apālya yat asat brahmā sāgaraḥ taraṅgān iva

22. Then, Brahma (brahmā), the great-minded, failed to control those other emanations of his splendor (tejas), which were beyond his grasp, just as an ocean does not restrain its waves.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator deity)

• महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - great-minded, highly intelligent

• अन्याः (anyāḥ) - other, different

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• तेजसः (tejasaḥ) - of splendor, of energy, of radiance

• कलाः (kalāḥ) - parts, emanations, manifestations, digits

• अपाल्य (apālya) - without protecting, having failed to control

• यत् (yat) - introducing a clause that describes the nature of `kalāḥ` (which, that which, because)

• असत् (asat) - ineffective, beyond control (non-existent, unreal, not good, ineffective)

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator deity)

• तरङ्गान् (taraṅgān) - waves

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean, sea

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - The creator deity (brahmā, masculine); the ultimate reality (brahman, neuter); a Brahmin.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the deity Brahma.

महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - great-minded, highly intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābuddhi

mahābuddhi - great intelligence, great mind; one who possesses great intelligence

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+buddhi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• buddhi – intellect, mind, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Brahma.

अन्याः (anyāḥ) - other, different

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Qualifies `kalāḥ`.

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies `kalāḥ`.

तेजसः (tejasaḥ) - of splendor, of energy, of radiance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, energy, radiance, fire, vital power

Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Possessive, 'of splendor'.

कलाः (kalāḥ) - parts, emanations, manifestations, digits

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kalā

kalā - a part, a portion, a digit (of the moon), a manifestation, an emanation

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the 'not protected' clause.

अपाल्य (apālya) - without protecting, having failed to control

(indeclinable)

Gerund (indeclinable participle) formed from causative root with negative prefix.

Formed from the causative root `pālaya` (from `pā` 2nd class, `pā` 1st class + -li-) + suffix `ya`, prefixed with `a-` for negation.

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Action performed or not performed by Brahma.

यत् (yat) - introducing a clause that describes the nature of `kalāḥ` (which, that which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that which; because, since (as conjunction)

Note: Refers to the emanations.

असत् (asat) - ineffective, beyond control (non-existent, unreal, not good, ineffective)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad, ineffective

Present Active Participle (negative of `sat`)

From `na` + `sat` (participle of `as`, to be).

Compound type : Avyayibhāva (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sat – existing, being, real, good
  participle (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as- (to be) with -at suffix.
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate of the `yat` clause.

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - The creator deity (brahmā, masculine); the ultimate reality (brahman, neuter); a Brahmin.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Here refers to Brahma as the one *not* in control, or the agent of the `asat` state.

तरङ्गान् (taraṅgān) - waves

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of taraṅga

taraṅga - wave, billow

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied verb 'to restrain/control' in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the simile.