योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-26, verse-21

इति तद्वचनान्ते ते देव्यावूचतुरादरात् ।
आख्यात दुःखं येनायं लक्ष्यते दुःखितो जनः ॥ २१ ॥

iti tadvacanānte te devyāvūcaturādarāt ,
ākhyāta duḥkhaṃ yenāyaṃ lakṣyate duḥkhito janaḥ 21

21. iti tat vacana ante te devyau ūcatuḥ ādarāt
ākhyāta duḥkham yena ayam lakṣyate duḥkhitaḥ janaḥ

21. iti tat vacana ante te devyau ādarāt ūcatuḥ
duḥkham ākhyāta yena ayam duḥkhitaḥ janaḥ lakṣyate

21. After these words, the two goddesses respectfully said: 'Describe the sorrow by which these people appear distressed.'

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - after these words or thus indicating the conclusion of the previous statement. (thus, in this manner, marking quotation)

• तत् (tat) - their (referring to the Brahmins' words) (that, those)

• वचन (vacana) - words (word, speech, saying)

• अन्ते (ante) - at the end of their speech. (at the end, afterwards)

• ते (te) - those two (referring to the goddesses) (those two)

• देव्यौ (devyau) - the two goddesses (two goddesses)

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two said, they two spoke

• आदरात् (ādarāt) - respectfully, with respect, from respect

• आख्यात (ākhyāta) - Please describe (addressed to the Brahmins) (describe, narrate, tell)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, unhappiness

• येन (yena) - by which (referring to the sorrow) (by which, by whom)

• अयम् (ayam) - these (referring to the people, implying masculine plural sense from context) (this (masculine))

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - appear distressed (in context of 'duḥkhitaḥ') (is seen, is perceived, is observed, is indicated)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (modifying 'janaḥ') (sorrowful, distressed, unhappy)

• जनः (janaḥ) - people (referring to the Brahmins) (person, man, people)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - after these words or thus indicating the conclusion of the previous statement. (thus, in this manner, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - their (referring to the Brahmins' words) (that, those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of the compound 'tadvacana', here acting as a possessive.

वचन (vacana) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

agent noun

Derived from root vac 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'tadvacana'.

अन्ते (ante) - at the end of their speech. (at the end, afterwards)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, boundary, vicinity

Note: Locative singular, adverbial use.

ते (te) - those two (referring to the goddesses) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Feminine nominative dual, referring to 'devyau'.

देव्यौ (devyau) - the two goddesses (two goddesses)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of devī

devī - goddess

Note: Subject of 'ūcatuḥ'.

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they two said, they two spoke

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense dual form of the root 'vac'.

आदरात् (ādarāt) - respectfully, with respect, from respect

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ādara

ādara - respect, reverence, regard

Prefix: ā

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate manner.

आख्यात (ākhyāta) - Please describe (addressed to the Brahmins) (describe, narrate, tell)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ākhyā

Derived from root khyā with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Imperative plural, addressed to Jyeṣṭhaśarman and the other Brahmins.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, unhappiness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Object of the verb 'ākhyāta'.

येन (yena) - by which (referring to the sorrow) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Instrumental, indicating the cause by which the person appears distressed.

अयम् (ayam) - these (referring to the people, implying masculine plural sense from context) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'janaḥ'.

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - appear distressed (in context of 'duḥkhitaḥ') (is seen, is perceived, is observed, is indicated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Passive voice, subject 'janaḥ'.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (modifying 'janaḥ') (sorrowful, distressed, unhappy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - sorrowful, distressed, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from duḥkha with suffix -ita.

Note: Agrees with 'janaḥ' in gender, number, and case.

जनः (janaḥ) - people (referring to the Brahmins) (person, man, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'lakṣyate'.