योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-41

सा तानालोक्य ललना चिन्तापरवशाभवत् ।
तस्मिन्नगरवास्तव्याः किं ते सर्वे मृता इति ॥ ४१ ॥

sā tānālokya lalanā cintāparavaśābhavat ,
tasminnagaravāstavyāḥ kiṃ te sarve mṛtā iti 41

41. sā tān ālokya lalanā cintāparavaśā abhavat
tasmin nagara vastavyāḥ kim te sarve mṛtāḥ iti

41. sā lalanā tān ālokya cintāparavaśā abhavat.
(Sā acintayat) iti kim te sarve tasmin nagara vastavyāḥ mṛtāḥ.

41. Having seen them, that woman (lalanā) became overwhelmed by anxiety, wondering, 'Are all those residents who were in that city dead?'

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• तान् (tān) - them, those (masculine)

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, after seeing

• ललना (lalanā) - woman, charming woman

• चिन्तापरवशा (cintāparavaśā) - overcome by worry, overwhelmed with anxiety

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• नगर (nagara) - city, town

• वस्तव्याः (vastavyāḥ) - residents, inhabitants (masculine plural)

• किम् (kim) - what, whether, interrogative particle

• ते (te) - they, those (masculine)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire, whole (masculine plural)

• मृताः (mṛtāḥ) - dead

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote or thought (thus, so, in this manner)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to 'lalanā'.

तान् (tān) - them, those (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'ālokya'. Refers to the people/villagers from previous verse or context.

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, having perceived, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ā' + root 'lok' + suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

ललना (lalanā) - woman, charming woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of lalanā

lalanā - woman, charming woman, lady

From root 'lal' 'to play, sport'.

Root: lal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence along with 'sā'.

चिन्तापरवशा (cintāparavaśā) - overcome by worry, overwhelmed with anxiety

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cintāparavaśa

cintāparavaśa - overcome by worry, helpless due to anxiety

Compound type : tatpurusha (cintā+paravaśa)

• cintā – worry, anxiety, thought
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'cit' 'to perceive'.
  Root: cit (class 1)
• paravaśa – dependent on another, controlled by, helpless
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'para' (other) + 'vaśa' (will, control).

Note: Agrees with 'lalanā'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

a- (augment) + bhav (strengthened root) + at (ending).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine / neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'nagara' (city).

नगर (nagara) - city, town

(noun)

neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Used as the first member of the compound 'nagaravastavyāḥ'.

वस्तव्याः (vastavyāḥ) - residents, inhabitants (masculine plural)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vastavya

vastavya - to be dwelt in, resident, inhabitant

Gerundive

From root 'vas' 'to dwell' + suffix 'tavya'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nagara+vastavya)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vastavya – to be dwelt in, resident
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'vas' 'to dwell' + suffix 'tavya'.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The compound 'nagaravastavyāḥ' acts as a noun 'city-dwellers'.

किम् (kim) - what, whether, interrogative particle

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an interrogative particle.

ते (te) - they, those (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the interrogative clause.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire, whole (masculine plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, entire, whole

Note: Agrees with 'te' and 'mṛtāḥ'.

मृताः (mṛtāḥ) - dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'mṛ' 'to die'.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate of the interrogative clause.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote or thought (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotative particle.