योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-40

द्विरष्टवर्षं भूपालं प्राक्तन्या जरसोज्झितम् ।
प्राक्तनीं जनतां सर्वां समस्तान्ग्रामवासिनः ॥ ४० ॥

dviraṣṭavarṣaṃ bhūpālaṃ prāktanyā jarasojjhitam ,
prāktanīṃ janatāṃ sarvāṃ samastāngrāmavāsinaḥ 40

40. dviraṣṭavarṣam bhūpālam prāktanyā jarasā ujjhitam
prāktanīm janatām sarvām samastān grāmavāsinaḥ

40. (Saḥ dadarśa) dviraṣṭavarṣam bhūpālam prāktanyā jarasā ujjhitam,
prāktanīm sarvām janatām (ca) samastān grāmavāsinaḥ.

40. He saw the sixteen-year-old king, who was untouched by former decrepitude, and also the entire former populace and all the villagers.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विरष्टवर्षम् (dviraṣṭavarṣam) - sixteen-year-old

• भूपालम् (bhūpālam) - king, ruler

• प्राक्तन्या (prāktanyā) - by the former, by the old, by the ancient

• जरसा (jarasā) - by old age, by decrepitude

• उज्झितम् (ujjhitam) - free from, untouched by (old age) (abandoned, forsaken, cast off, left)

• प्राक्तनीम् (prāktanīm) - former, old, ancient

• जनताम् (janatām) - people, populace, community

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire, whole

• समस्तान् (samastān) - all, entire, whole

• ग्रामवासिनः (grāmavāsinaḥ) - villagers, inhabitants of villages

Words meanings and morphology

द्विरष्टवर्षम् (dviraṣṭavarṣam) - sixteen-year-old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dviraṣṭavarṣa

dviraṣṭavarṣa - sixteen-year-old (lit. twice-eight years)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+aṣṭan+varṣa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• aṣṭan – eight
  numeral
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūpālam'.

भूपालम् (bhūpālam) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhūpāla

bhūpāla - king, ruler (lit. earth-protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhū+pāla)

• bhū – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā 'to protect'.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of an implied verb of seeing/finding.

प्राक्तन्या (prāktanyā) - by the former, by the old, by the ancient

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prāktana

prāktana - former, ancient, old, belonging to a former time

Derived from 'prāk' (before) + 'tana' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'jarasā'.

जरसा (jarasā) - by old age, by decrepitude

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jaras

jaras - old age, decrepitude

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Expresses the agent/means by which something is abandoned (ujjhitam).

उज्झितम् (ujjhitam) - free from, untouched by (old age) (abandoned, forsaken, cast off, left)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ujjhita

ujjhita - abandoned, forsaken, cast off, left

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ujjh' 'to abandon'.

Root: ujjh (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūpālam'.

प्राक्तनीम् (prāktanīm) - former, old, ancient

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāktana

prāktana - former, ancient, old, belonging to a former time

Derived from 'prāk' (before) + 'tana' suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'janatām'.

जनताम् (janatām) - people, populace, community

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of janatā

janatā - people, populace, community

From 'jana' (person) + 'tā' (suffix forming abstract feminine noun).

Note: Object of an implied verb.

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, entire, whole

Note: Agrees with 'janatām'.

समस्तान् (samastān) - all, entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samasta

samasta - all, entire, whole, combined, collected

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'as' 'to be' with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'grāmavāsinaḥ'.

ग्रामवासिनः (grāmavāsinaḥ) - villagers, inhabitants of villages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of grāmavāsin

grāmavāsin - villager, inhabitant of a village

Agent Noun

From 'grāma' (village) + 'vāsin' (inhabitant, dwelling)

Compound type : tatpurusha (grāma+vāsin)

• grāma – village
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'vas' 'to dwell'.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The form 'grāmavāsinaḥ' can be nominative plural or accusative plural for -in stem nouns. Given the other accusative objects, accusative plural is more likely here.