योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-14, verse-4

मोहेन बन्धुनाशेषु संकटेषु शमेषु च ।
सर्वं व्याप्तं महाप्राज्ञ विचारो हि सतां गतिः ॥ ४ ॥

mohena bandhunāśeṣu saṃkaṭeṣu śameṣu ca ,
sarvaṃ vyāptaṃ mahāprājña vicāro hi satāṃ gatiḥ 4

4. mohena bandhunāśeṣu saṅkaṭeṣu śameṣu ca sarvam
vyāptam mahāprājña vicāraḥ hi satām gatiḥ

4. mahāprājña mohena bandhunāśeṣu saṅkaṭeṣu ca śameṣu sarvam vyāptam hi.
satām gatiḥ vicāraḥ.

4. O greatly wise one, everything is permeated by delusion, whether in the destruction of kin, in adversities, or even in times of peace. Truly, discriminative inquiry (vicāra) is the refuge of the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• मोहेन (mohena) - by ignorance or attachment, which leads to suffering. (by delusion, by infatuation, by confusion)

• बन्धुनाशेषु (bandhunāśeṣu) - in situations involving the loss or ruin of one's kinsmen. (in the destruction of relatives/friends)

• सङ्कटेषु (saṅkaṭeṣu) - in challenging or perilous situations. (in difficulties, in crises, in distress)

• शमेषु (śameṣu) - even in calm, peaceful states. This highlights that delusion is present even when things seem good. (in tranquility, in peace, in cessation)

• च (ca) - joining the list of circumstances. (and, also)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - refers to all aspects of existence or experience. (all, everything)

• व्याप्तम् (vyāptam) - fully saturated or encompassed. (pervaded, permeated, covered)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - Address to a person of profound wisdom. (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

• विचारः (vicāraḥ) - the faculty of discerning truth from falsehood, or good from bad. (discrimination, inquiry, reflection)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, surely, for)

• सताम् (satām) - belonging to or for those who are wise and righteous. (of the virtuous, of the good, of the existent ones)

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - the way forward, the ultimate goal or refuge. (path, course, movement, refuge, ultimate state)

Words meanings and morphology

मोहेन (mohena) - by ignorance or attachment, which leads to suffering. (by delusion, by infatuation, by confusion)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, confusion, ignorance

Derived from root √muh 'to be deluded'.

Root: muh (class 4)

बन्धुनाशेषु (bandhunāśeṣu) - in situations involving the loss or ruin of one's kinsmen. (in the destruction of relatives/friends)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bandhunāśa

bandhunāśa - destruction of relatives/friends

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bandhu+nāśa)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
• nāśa – destruction, loss, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √naś 'to perish, to be lost'.
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Refers to circumstances.

सङ्कटेषु (saṅkaṭeṣu) - in challenging or perilous situations. (in difficulties, in crises, in distress)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of saṅkaṭa

saṅkaṭa - difficulty, crisis, distress, danger

शमेषु (śameṣu) - even in calm, peaceful states. This highlights that delusion is present even when things seem good. (in tranquility, in peace, in cessation)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śama

śama - tranquility, peace, cessation, calmness, quietude

Derived from root √śam 'to be tranquil, to cease'.

Root: śam (class 4)

च (ca) - joining the list of circumstances. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - refers to all aspects of existence or experience. (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Subject of the implied 'is' (pervaded).

व्याप्तम् (vyāptam) - fully saturated or encompassed. (pervaded, permeated, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, permeated, encompassed, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp 'to obtain, reach' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying sarvam.

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - Address to a person of profound wisdom. (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, highly intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• prājña – wise, intelligent, learned
  adjective
  Derived from root √jñā 'to know' with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: This is an address.

विचारः (vicāraḥ) - the faculty of discerning truth from falsehood, or good from bad. (discrimination, inquiry, reflection)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicāra

vicāra - discrimination, inquiry, reflection, thought, consideration

Derived from root √car 'to move, to think' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second sentence.

हि (hi) - emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

सताम् (satām) - belonging to or for those who are wise and righteous. (of the virtuous, of the good, of the existent ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, real, true, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √as 'to be'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Often refers to 'good people' or 'sages'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - the way forward, the ultimate goal or refuge. (path, course, movement, refuge, ultimate state)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - path, course, movement, refuge, destination, state

Derived from root √gam 'to go'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for vicāraḥ.